No abstract

No abstract

Purpose: To study the efficacy of intravitreal Aflibercept, an anti Vascular Endothelial Growth factor, (anti-VEGF) in Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). Methods: This was a retrospective, interventional consecutive case series of 46 Indian eyes which received intravitreal injection of Aflibercept for High risk Prethreshold ROP, Threshold ROP, and Aggressive-Posterior ROP (AP-ROP). Results: Aflibercept was effective in achieving the primary endpoint, namely regression of ROP following the injection in all 46 eyes (100%) at one week following the injection. 32.6% (15/46) of eyes achieved secondary endpoint namely complete vascularization, with no recurrence of ROP at varying time intervals: as early as 15 weeks to as late as 29 weeks after injection, at intervals ranging from 49 to 64 weeks PCA. Conclusion: Intravitreal Aflibercept was effective in inducing complete regression of all types of ROP in all the eyes in our series. In addition, 32.6% of cases did not need a secondary intervention, with no recurrence of ROP and complete vascularization of the retina. In 81.8% of Zone I ROP eyes, Aflibercept facilitated continuation of retinal vascular development following regression of ROP, resulting in less extensive laser during treatment of ROP recurrence. This is the largest series of Aflibercept in ROP, till date as per MEDLINE search.

Objective To investigate the intraocular penetration of moxifloxacin into the aqueous and vitreous after oral administration in humans. Methods A prospective, nonrandomized study of 27 consecutive patients scheduled for elective parsplana vitrectomy surgery between 1 October and 31 December 2004 was carried out. Aqueous, vitreous, and serum samples were obtained and analysed after oral administration of a single 400 mg tablet of moxifloxacin a few hours before surgery. Assays were performed using highperformance liquid chromatography. Results Mean7SD moxifloxacin concentrations in the serum (n ¼ 27), aqueous (n ¼ 25), and vitreous (n ¼ 27) were 1.3470.98, 0.2170.21, and 0.0970.09 mg/ml, respectively. The mean7SD sampling times after oral administration of the moxifloxacin tablet for serum, aqueous, and vitreous were 2.0270.51, 1.5370.45, and 1.5570.46 h, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of isolates (MIC 90 ) was far exceeded in the aqueous for a wide spectrum of key pathogens, whereas it was not exceeded in the vitreous for several organisms. Of note, the MIC 90 for Staphylococcus epidermidis was not exceeded in any of the samples. Conclusions Orally administered moxifloxacin achieves measurable levels in the noninflammed human eye, with the aqueous levels effective against a variety of pathogens. However, the spectrum of coverage does not appropriately encompass the most common causative organisms in endophthalmitis, especially Staphylococcus epidermidis. Further studies are needed to precisely define the role of oral moxifloxacin in the treatment of or prophylaxis against intraocular infections.

No abstract