Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disease characterised by defective DNA repair leading to clinical and cellular hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. The oculocutaneous features of 10 patients with XP were studied retrospectively. General features included parental consanguinity (40%), familiality (60%), onset of symptoms in first 2 years (50%), malignant skin neoplasms (60%), and carcinoma of the tongue (20%). Among the ocular features, 50% ofpatients presented with photophobia. Lid freckles or atrophic skin lesions were seen in all patients. Lower lid tumours were seen in 30%, chronic conjunctival congestion in 40%, corneal opacification in 40%, squamous celi carcinoma of limbus in 20%, bilateral pterygium in 40%, and visual impairment in 50%. The clinical features Departments of (ocular and cutaneous) of the cases are disOphthalmology and cussed.

Context:Preseptal cellulitis is the commonest orbital disease which frequently needs to be differentiated from orbital cellulitis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics can prevent vision loss and life-threatening complications of orbital cellulitis.Aims:To describe the clinical profile of cases with preseptal and orbital cellulitis admitted to a tertiary care hospital during a period of nine years. The causative organisms and the clinical outcome were analyzed.Settings and Design:Retrospective descriptive case study done in a tertiary care hospital in South India.Material and Methods:The in-patient records of patients with preseptal and orbital cellulitis were reviewed from 1998 to 2006. The factors reviewed included ocular findings aiding in the distinction of the two clinical conditions, the duration of symptoms, the duration of hospital stay, microbiological culture report of pus or wound swab, blood culture, drugs used for treatment, the response to therapy and complications.Statistical Analysis Used:Descriptive analysis.Results:One hundred and ten cases, 77 patients with preseptal cellulitis and 33 patients with orbital cellulitis were reviewed. Five percent of children and 21% of adults presented with cutaneous anthrax contributing to preseptal cellulitis. Thirty-nine percent cases with orbital cellulitis were caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Conclusions:This study has helped in identifying organisms which cause orbital infections, especially community-acquired MRSA. It indicates the need for modifying our empirical antimicrobial therapy, especially in orbital cellulitis.

Aims:To study the relationship between blood pressure (BP), intraocular pressure (IOP), mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in patients with hypertension and compare it to a control group of normotensives.Design:Cross-sectional observational study.Materials and Methods:A total of 108 subjects with primary hypertension and 100 age-matched controls without hypertension were enrolled for the study. IOP measurement using Noncontact Tonometer and dilated fundus evaluation using + 90 D lens were done for all cases. Single recording of BP was taken. Gonioscopy, Humphrey's central visual fields, optical coherence tomography and pachymetry were done for all subjects with IOP > 21 mm Hg or C: D ratio ≥ 0.5 or asymmetry of > 0.2.Statistical Analysis:Univariate and multivariate multinomial regression models were used to determine the association between covariates and risk of glaucoma or glaucoma suspect.Results:There was no difference in the glaucoma status between subjects with and without hypertension. Subjects on antihypertensive medications were 1½ times more likely to have suspicious glaucoma (odds ratio [OR] =1.56] and nearly twice as likely to have POAG (OR = 1.85). In addition, we found a 31% and 12% reduction in risk of having POAG (95% confidence interval [CI] =13–45%, P = 0.001) and glaucoma suspect (95% CI = 2–21%, P = 0.03) respectively with every 1 mm Hg increment in MOPP.Conclusion:Subjects on antihypertensive medications are more likely to have either glaucoma or glaucoma suspect, and higher ocular perfusion pressure offers relative protection from glaucomatous damage.

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