The exploration of natural substrates for microbial conversion to synthesize industrial platform and fuel chemicals seems to be inevitable within a circular bioeconomy context. Hemicellulose is a natural carbohydrate polymer consisting of a variety of pentose (C5) sugar monomers such as arabinose, mannose, erythrose, and xylose. Among the C5 sugars, L-arabinose (L-Ara) is the second-most-abundant pentose sugar in the lignocellulosic biomass after xylose. L-Ara has been used as an industrial carbon source to produce several value-added chemicals such as putrescine, which is used to synthesize polymers in the textile industry; sugar alcohols that are used as sweeteners in diet foods; and amino acids such as L-lysine, L-glutamate, L-arginine, and L-ornithine, which are used in nutritional supplements, fertilizers, and other products in the food and beverage industries. L-Ara, a natural non-caloric sweetener, is used as a substitute in the food and beverage industry, when the risk of blood sugar and lipid levels could be reduced. Major use of L-Ara is also found in the medical and pharmaceutical sectors to treat several conditions, including mineral absorption disorder, constipation, and diabetes, among others. In recent years, there has been a rising interest in synthesizing various sugar alcohols and derivatives, including arabitol, xylitol, and 2,3-butanediol, through the modification of producer organisms either genetically or metabolically to produce value-added products. Understanding the current demand and the need to increase the diversified production of industrial green chemicals with the reduced waste of useful lignocellulosic resources, this review focuses on the background of L-Ara and its various sources, microbes that utilize L-Ara to produce high-value-added products, and the future prospects for strain improvements to increase the yield of high-value-added products.
During 2020, the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic hit badly the Indian subcontinent very surprisingly. Indian Government and every citizen of India have attempted many more strategies on damage control of pandemic in terms of human lives, population, health, and socio-economic impacts. Second wave have battered us significantly tanks to our hubris and callousness. In anticipation of the potential third wave, the system has developed a massive but at grassroots level pragmatic and strategic roadmap for sensitizing the policy maker and coordinators. The existing infrastructure and manpower utilization could be the best, eco-friendly and the most effective way to break the chain of SARS-CoV-2. The infrastructure includes government schools and manpower work as an administrative system which includes elected MLAs, medical doctors, village head (Sarpanch), village council’s elected members and local people. Managing this system at grass root level could be the best and effective way to break the chain of SARS-CoV-2 in all states of India.
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