The issue of defining tourist regions in Bulgaria and their management has been discussed in the country over the last 50 years and is still relevant nowadays. So far, many attempts have been made to develop an acceptable solution in regards of the nature, functions and scope of the tourist regions in the country but for a number of reasons and in different political and economic context they have not been successful. At the same time, the need for tourist regionalization in Bulgaria has been recognized by almost all stakeholders in the tourism sector over the last 10-15 years. The aim of this article is to review and compare the existing tourist regionalization schemes of the country, thus allowing to trace the evolution of tourist regionalization and to highlight the main theoretical deficiencies, as well as the underestimation of scientific principles and approaches that underlie its practical inapplicability. The comparative analysis covers all concepts developed over the last 50 years that present a specific scheme of tourist regions, taking into account the relevant explanatory notes. For the purpose of the comparison, 9 criteria have been selected, which refer both to the approach and objectives, and to the specific schemes and their compliance with basic practical requirements. The results of the comparative analysis are chronologically presented in a table for their clearer and easier perception. The analysis has shown that the numerous tourist regionalization concepts of Bulgaria differ greatly in objectives, approaches and tools applied, and respectively provide different results in terms of country coverage, taxonomy, degree of the schemes’ details, etc. It has also shown significant differences in the tourist structuring of the country’s territory, which are more visible in the period after 1990. The development of a methodologically sound, politically acceptable and applicable scheme of tourist regions is a difficult political and scientific task but it is achievable through a reasonable compromise between the theory and the views of key stakeholders, in compliance with legislation and in the context of its objectives. The effectiveness of tourist regionalization for the purposes of tourism policy and destination marketing ultimately depends on its practical implementation. Otherwise, it could be considered merely as an “academic” exercise, which may have a scientific but not an applied value.
Abstract. This paper presents a dynamical model of an active control system for seismic-resistant building structures. Three optimal performance indexes: LQR, discrete time-dependent non-integral and generalized LQR, based on linear quadratic optimization are considered. The maximum structural response and maximum active control force versus control design parameters are studied. The influence of the time increment used in response analysis on the algorithm is investigated. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in reducing the structural response.
The overall objective of the study is to collect empirical information on the supply and demand of cultural heritage attractions in Bulgaria, and the specific objective is to outline a detailed profile of visitors to tourist attractions based on cultural heritage. The methodological toolkit includes preliminary desk research of the selected attractions, semi-structured interviews with the "operators" of cultural heritage attractions, questionnaire survey of visitors to cultural heritage attractions, as well as observations and expert assessments. The visitor typology is based on the methodology proposed by McKercher (2002). It aims to create a more precise classification (segmentation) of "cultural tourists" and is based on a combination of two dimensions -the importance of cultural motives (cultural tourism) in the decision to visit the destination and the depth of experience associated with the culture and heritage of the destination. Altogether 668 visitors were interviewed at 30 sites, identified as cultural heritage tourist attractions. The questionnaire design and the data obtained allow the outlining of a detailed profile of visitors in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics, and the characteristics of the trip, respectively of the tourists' behavior. A visitor typology in terms of cultural tourism is elaborated, including the profile of each of the distinguished types. Their relationship with visitor and travel characteristics is revealed and analysed. The results indicate that the cultural tourist type in most cases is a variable that explain the differentiation in visitors' behaviour better than the typically used socio-demographic characteristics.
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