A systematic study into the response of monopiles to lateral cyclic loading in medium dense and dense sand was performed in beam and drum centrifuge tests. The centrifuge tests were carried out at different cyclic load and magnitude ratios, while the cyclic load sequence was also varied. The instrumentation on the piles provides fresh insights into the ongoing development of net stresses, bending moments and deflections as cycling progresses. Parallels between the test results and corresponding cyclic triaxial tests are drawn. The paper combines the results from this study with those from previous experimental investigations to provide empirical design recommendations for monopiles subjected to unidirectional cyclic loading.

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 Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.  You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain  You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

High plasticity clay of Paleogene origin in Denmark, possess unique deformational behaviour with significant stress dependent stiffness in oedometric loading/unloading. This is challenging settlement/heave predictions. The behaviour has been so far associated with high smectite content and complex geological loading history. Burial followed by erosion and then glaciotectonic activity, has resulted in fissures and slickensides, along with a high level of overconsolidation. Several currently planned and existing Danish construction projects encounter problems with such clays. Specifically, the immersed tunnel project connecting Denmark and Germany: “Fehmarn Fixed Link”, for which an extensive laboratory campaign of IL and CRS oedometer tests, has been carried out. These tests have been re-analysed, to obtain a better description of the swelling behaviour of Paleogene clays, due to the net unloading state expected for this immersed tunnel. The development of the swelling index during unloading, although non-linear, tends to reach a constant value at sufficient stress reduction. This constant value as well as the average swelling index increases with the stress at which unloading starts and increased smectite content. These trends are confirmed by an additional CRS test.

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