Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is a common malignancy associated with risk factors like excessive alcohol consumption, heavy tobacco smoking and human papilloma virus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is considered to be the gold standard in investigating these tumors. However, MRI equipment is expensive to buy and is not readily available in some centers. Computed tomography scan has also been used in imaging these patients, but this modality carries a radiation burden. Patient’s five-year survival is dependent on early diagnosis. It is, therefore, important to diagnose early and image accurately to ensure good outcomes. This study was focused on evaluating the role of Ultrasonography in assessing early tongue cancer and its comparison with postoperative histopathological findings. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the role of sonography in assessing early tongue cancer depth of invasion and compared it with postoperative histopathological findings.Methods: A prospective study was performed on 100 cases of early tongue cancer. sonography of the tongue was performed, BY 7.5 MHz - 12 MHz Probe. Ultrasonography findings compared with post-operative histopathological findings sensitivity and specificity calculated.Results: All patients underwent sonography of tongue with 7.5 MHz probe to know the depth of tumor and these findings were compared with depth demonstrated on final histopathological reports. Sensitivity and specificity of USG for depth of tumor were very high (HPR findings were taken as standard results). On USG, tumor thickness i.e. 2 mm, 2-4 mm and >4 mm were observed in 22, 55 and 23 patients. On HPR, tumor thickness i.e. 2 mm, 2-4 mm and >4 mm were observed in 20, 60 and 20 patients. Sensitivity and septicity both above 90%.Conclusions: Ultrasonography proved a reliable diagnostic tool with sensitivity and specificity more than 90%, for knowing the pre-operative depth of tumor but further larger randomized studies required to confirm the recommendations.

Background: The abdominal cavity can harbour a varied spectrum of diseases. Abdominal lumps are one of the commonest disorders in this region. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, minimal investigations and optimum treatment of the lumps in the right hypochondrium were studied in detail in present study.Methods: The prospective observational study was carried out for 24 months. 60 consecutive patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were taken up for the study. Calculation and analysis of data was done by using MS Excel.Results: The lumps in the right hypochondrium were most common in the 31-40 years age group in the present study. Majority of the lumps were found to be intraperitoneal (65%), of which 45% were neoplastic in nature. 68.3% as compared to 31.7% of lumps had an organ of origin which was not anatomically situated in the right hypochondrium viz. from right kidney and right adrenal. Hepatic lumps were found to be the commonest (35%), of which 14.3% were malignant tumors. Gall bladder carcinoma was more common in 40-60 years with female preponderance. Only 26.7% patients presented with the complaint of lump in abdomen. The commonest complaint was pain in the abdomen followed by vomiting. In 88.3% cases surgery was undertaken for curative or palliative purposes.Conclusions: Of all the lumps in the right hypochondrium, intraperitoneal lumps were more common with abdominal pain as commonest presenting symptom. The commonest lumps were found to be hepatic lumps. Incidence of Neoplastic masses was more than infections and infestations.