The aim of this investigation was to study children with supernumerary teeth who visited the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Rohtak, Haryana, India. Only children with supernumerary teeth were included in the study while patients having supernumerary teeth with associated syndromes were excluded. Supernumeraries were detected by clinical and radiographic examination. The results indicated that males were affected more than females with a sex ratio of 2.9 : 1. Single supernumerary tooth was seen in 79% of the patients, 20% had double, and 1% had three or more supernumeraries. Premaxillary supernumeraries accounted for 93.8% of the cases. Conical shaped supernumerary teeth were the most common type (59.7%). Majority of supernumeraries remained unerupted (65%). Fusion of supernumerary tooth with a regular tooth was observed in 4% of the patients. Talon cusp, an associated dental anomaly, was seen in 5% of the cases. Simultaneous hypodontia occurred in 2.3% of patients with supernumeraries.

Here, we report an iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of electron-deficient heterocycles and quinone with organoboron species via innate C-H functionalization. Iron(II) acetylacetonate along with oxidant (K2S2O8) and phase-transfer catalyst (TBAB) under open flask conditions efficiently catalyzed the cross-coupling of pyrazine with arylboronic acids and gave monoarylated products in good to excellent yields. Optimized conditions also worked for other heterocylces such as quinoxalines, pyridines, quinoline, and isoquinoline as well as quinones. In addition, we demonstrated as a first example its application for the synthesis of anticancer marine pyrazine alkaloid botryllazine A.

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in eastern Nepal and compare the findings with those of other populations. Methods. Two thousand seventy-four children (1149 males and 925 females) aged between 12 and 15 years were evaluated. Their orthodontic treatment need was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN) (dental health component (DHC)). Angle's classes of malocclusion were also evaluated. Results. The prevalence of classes I, II, and III was 48.50%, 32.68%, and 4.32%, respectively. The IOTN showed that 21.59% had an extreme treatment need, 24.67% had severe treatment need, 24.07% had moderate treatment need, 14.7% had mild treatment need, and 15.02% had no treatment need. Conclusion. Class I malocclusion is the most common, while class III is the least prevalent in eastern Nepal. The majority of the children need orthodontic treatment.

Four novel lipovelutibols A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4) containing six amino acid residues with leucinol at the C-terminus and a fatty acyl moiety (n-octanoyl) at its N-terminus were isolated from the psychrotrophic fungus Trichoderma velutinum collected from the Himalayan cold habitat. The structures (1-4) were determined by NMR and MS/MS, and the stereochemistry of amino acids by Marfey's method. Lipopeptaibols 2 and 4 were found to contain d-isovaline, a nonproteinogenic amino acid, but lacked α-aminoisobutyric acid, characteristic of peptaibols. Cytotoxic activity of 2 and 4 was observed against HL-60, LS180, MDA-MB-231, and A549 cancer cell lines.

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To conclude, Nepali version of PIDAQ has good psychometric properties and can be used effectively in this population group for further research.

BackgroundPatients with craniofacial anomalies often have appearance concerns and related social anxiety which can affect their quality of life. This study assessed the psychological impact of facial and dental appearance in patients with craniofacial anomalies in comparison to a general population control group.MethodsThe study involved 102 adult patients (51% male) with congenital craniofacial anomalies and 102 controls (49% male). Both groups completed the Nepali version of Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS) and the Psychological Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ) in a clinical setting to assess appearance-related distress, avoidance, and anxiety.ResultsThere was a significant difference between patients and controls on both PIDAQ (mean score for patients 33.25 ± 9.45 while for controls 27.52 ± 5.67, p < 0.001) and DAS59 scores (mean score for patients 159.16 ± 31.54 while for controls 77.64 ± 6.57, p < 0.001), indicating that patients experienced greater negative psychological impact of living with their appearance (PIDAQ) and more appearance-related distress (DAS) than controls. DAS scores were not associated with gender. There was no association of the place of residence (rural vs. urban) with PIDAQ or DAS59 scores.ConclusionsThere is a significant psychological impact of altered facial and dental appearance in patients with craniofacial anomalies compared to controls. There was no effect of locality (rural/urban) on the psychological impact of facial and dental appearance in patients.

Objective. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth in a patient sample of Nepalese children. Study Design. A survey was performed on 2684 patients (1829 females and 1035 males) ranging in age from 6 to 14 for the presence of supernumerary teeth. For each patient with supernumerary teeth the demographic variables (age and sex), number, location, eruption status, and morphology were recorded. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results. Supernumerary teeth were detected in 46 subjects (1.6%), of which 26 were males and 20 were females with a male : female ratio of 1.3 : 1. The most commonly found supernumerary tooth was mesiodens followed by maxillary premolars, maxillary lateral incisor, and mandibular lateral incisor. Of the 55 supernumerary teeth examined, 58.18% (n = 32) had conical morphology, followed by tuberculate (30.90%, n = 17) and supplemental (10.90%, n = 6) forms. The majority of the supernumerary teeth were erupted (56.36%, n = 31). Conclusion. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in Nepalese children was found to be 1.6%, the most frequent type being mesiodens. Conical morphology was found to be the most common form of supernumerary tooth.