Treatment group Controls Katz index of independence in the activities of daily living: Before fracture v at discharge from orthopaedic inpatient care* {Better or no change 156 y2 (with continuity correction)=3-88, df= 1, p=0-048 fWorse 34 43 Before fracture v 1 year after fracturet JBetter or no change 21 7 x2 (with continuity correction)=5 78, df= 1, p=0016 Worse 22 28 Residence: Before fracture v at discharge from orthopaedic inpatient care JBetter or no change 4026 X2(with continuity correction)=8 49, df= 1, p=0-004 iWorse 9 24 Before fracture v 1 year after fracture JBetter or no change 38 21 y2 (with continuity correction)=6-65, df= 1, p=0 010 |Worse 6 15 Caregiver strain index2 1 year after fracture (n= 30; no family carer= 50) Median 1 1 Wilcoxon rank sum test (correction for tied ranks) T=206 5, p=0-83 tRange 0-11 0-9 Life satisfaction index' 1 year after fracture (n=65; not testablet= 15) JMedian 17 18 Wilcoxon rank sum test (correction for tied ranks) T=976, p=0-85 [Range 6-22 6-21 *N=98; data missing= 1. tN=78; data missing 2. tSubjects with severe communication problems. at each patient's current residence. Records were kept of all periods of institutional care during the year and, where appropriate, the date of death. Postoperative randomisation yielded two study groups of 54 patients after 36 others had been excluded .' Five patients in the treatment group and four in the control group died between entry into the trial and discharge from orthopaedic inpatient care. One year after the fracture 67% (95% confidence interval 60% to 75%) of the control group, 81% (71% to 92%) of the treatment group, and 67% (54% to 79%) of all 144 patients survived. One patient in the treatment group was alive but was otherwise lost to follow up. Significantly more women were less independent in the control group than in the treatment group after one year compared with their prefracture state (table). Even with walking aids only 37% of the 79 patients assessed at one year had achieved their prefracture mobility. At the follow up 69% of the treatment group and 39% of the control group were living in the same place as before the fracture; 6% and 13%, respectively, had moved into institutional nursing care. The survivors in the group given rehabilitative care spent more of the follow up year living at home than the control group (median difference 20 days, 95% confidence interval 0 to 48 days). No differences were found between the groups in life satisfaction or strain on carers. Comment Survival rates of 75-81% one year after proximal femoral fractures have recently been reported.4 We found 74% of subjects alive at one year; this proportion is 67% if the patients excluded from the study are also taken into account. The higher rate of survival after discharge in the group cared for by the rehabilitation team is consistent with other reports of improvements in both quality and length of life after similar interventions in elderly patients.5 Few studies relate the functional outcomes after hip fracture to the patient's circu...
Objectives: COVID-19 has badly affected the global economy, also affecting the health-care sector with a major effect on dentistry. It is important to understand the reason behind it from patient’s perspective, by knowing their awareness, perception, and willingness toward dental treatment during COVID-19 times. This might help the dentist to increase patient inflow. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey. A validated questionnaire was circulated to participants by investigators, consisting questions related to demographic data, awareness, perception, and willingness toward dental treatment. A total of 616 participants responded. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. Results: More than 90% of participants are aware of COVID-19 and various precautions to be taken to prevent the spreads of the disease. The majority of participants about 74% are aware that dentists are at higher risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection. Many respondents 76.6% are afraid to visit the dentist, due to fear of acquiring COVID-19 infection 74% prefer to delay dental treatment. Around 71.8% are willing to consult through teledentistry, 69.8% are not willing to provide medical certificates, and 58.2% are willing to pay more fees than usual for the extra precaution taken by the dentist to prevent COVID-19 spread. Conclusion: People are afraid to visit dental clinics due to fear of cross infection. People are ready to pay more for precautions taken by their dentists. People should be made aware of precautionary measures taken by the dentist so that they feel safe to visit a dental clinic during COVID-19 times.
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