Introduction: The femur is a long bone (ossa longa) that forms the hip and knee joints, supporting the weight of almost the entire body. This study is based on analyzing certain angles on the proximal femur that represent anthropometrically and surgically significant parameters, with clinical significance in diseases such as metabolic and degenerative bone disorders, arthritis, various hip trauma and disease. Aim: Determining the significance of certain morphometric parameters of the proximal femur and exploration of their impact on the hip joint. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study encompasses measuring four parameters: shaft length, the collodiaphyseal angle (CDA), the medial proximal femoral angle (MPFA) and the lateral proximal femoral angle (LPFA), on adult femora belonging to the archive of the Institute of anatomy "Niko Miljanić" of the Univerisity of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine. A digital goniometer precise to two decimal places was used for all measurements. Results: Forty-seven femora were examined, 25 of which were left and 22 right femora of unknown gender and age, since none of the examined parameters could be used in procuring such information. The average femoral shaft length was 39.9 ± 2.7 cm, the shortest 34.8 cm and the longest 45.7 cm. The Collodiaphyseal angle (CDA) was 127.64 ± 4.25° on average, with the minimum being 119.1° and the maximum 137.7°. Average LPFA was 87.21 ± 3.07°, the lowest 81.6 and the highest 93.0°. Finally, MPFA was 86.9 ± 3.73° on average, with the smallest being 78.7° and the largest 94.5°. The Medial proximal femoral angle of right femora was significantly lower than the MPFA of left femora (p = 0,016). Conclusion: Eleven samples had a CDA below normal (< 124°), with three being defined as coxa vara (CDA < 120°). One had a CDA above normal (> 135°), being defined as coxa valga. Outside of reference values, LPFA was determined on 11 samples, being below normal (<85°) in all of them, whilst MPFA had 13 with only one of them being below normal (< 80°).
Introduction: The femur is a long pair of bones and it consists of the proximal, distal end and body. The distal end carries the medial and lateral condyle (condylus medialis et lateralis), the intercondylar fossa and line (linea et fossa intercondylaris), and together with the patella (patella) and tibia (tibia) forms the knee joint. This study considers the effects of certain parameters on the femurs on the knee joint, and in addition to the fact that anthropometrically important parameters also represent important clinical indications during operations on the knee joint, that can become necessary due to the consequences of various diseases or environmental factors. Aim: Study of morphometric parameters of the distal end of the femur which are of exceptional importance in orthopedic surgery of the hip joint when planning osteocorrective interventions. Material and methods: At the Institute for Anatomy "Niko Miljanić" in Belgrade in 2020, a number of 47 femurs were measured, out of which 22 were right and 25 were left. Shaft length, lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) were measured, and for all measurements an orthopedic digital goniometer accurate to two decimal places was used. Results: A total of 47 femurs with an average shaft length of 40.0 ± 2.69 were processed. The shortest specimen was 34.8 cm while the longest was 45.7 cm. The mean LDFA was 81.36 ± 2.95 degrees, the minimum was 81.8 degrees while the maximum was 89.9 degrees. The average mLDFA was 87.69 ± 2.99 degrees, while the maximum and minimum were 94.6 and 81.8 degrees, respectively. Conclusion: Thirteen measured femurs fell under the definition of either genu varum or genu valgum. Four right and three left femurs are defined as varum, while two right and four left are defined as valgum. Additional analysis is necessary to determine the clinical implications of these parameters.
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