The aim of the present work was to physicochemically characterize the fruits of accessions of feijoa [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg.) Burret] active germplasm bank (BAG), located in São Joaquim, Brazil. The identification of accessions with desirable fruit traits will facilitate species breeding and cultivation. During seven harvests (2004-2017), 10 fruits per plant of 229 accessions were evaluated for fruit diameter, length and weight, skin and pulp weight, skin thickness, pH, titratable acidity, and soluble solids content, in addition to the qualitative descriptors insertion of sepals, fruit shape, sheen of skin, vacuum, color of skin and pulp, and texture and roughness of the skin. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and a multivariate analysis were applied to better understand the nature and magnitude of the variables. The mean +1SD was used to identify the best accessions for breeding purposes. Active germplasm bank accessions revealed significant phenotypic diversity for the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits, and the year effect represented the largest contribution to the variance for all evaluated characteristics, except fruit length. The characteristics total fruit weight, fruit diameter, and skin thickness are strongly related to pulp yield (%). There is high phenotypic diversity in accessions of feijoa conserved in the São Joaquim BAG, which will allow different traits of this species to be genetically improved.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o comportamento das características físico-químicas dos frutos de sete genótipos de goiabeira-serrana cultivados em dois locais em Santa Catarina. A avaliação foi realizada nas safras 2011/12, 2014/15 e 2015/16 nos genótipos 85, 101, 223, 458 e 509, na localidade de Fraiburgo (comunidade Papuã), e nas safras 2014/15 e 2015/16, nos genótipos 28.12 e 527, na localidade de Água Doce (comunidade Vista Alegre). Foram avaliados diâmetro (cm), comprimento (cm) e peso do fruto (g), peso de casca e polpa (g), espessura de casca (mm) e sólidos solúveis totais (grau Brix). Foram realizadas análise de variância, comparação entre médias pelo teste Tukey (p < 0,05) e correlações de Pearson (p < 0,05) entre as características dos frutos. Em Água Doce, o genótipo 527 registrou o maior diâmetro e peso do fruto (88,7 g). Em Fraiburgo, destacou-se o genótipo 85, que registrou o maior peso de fruto (94,9 g) e 509 com maior rendimento de polpa (37,5%). Foi constatado que nem todos os genótipos com maior peso do fruto foram os que obtiveram maior rendimento de polpa, confirmando que as variáveis espessura da casca e tamanho do fruto estão diretamente relacionadas com o rendimento. A variação nos valores de sólidos solúveis totais foi afetada pela influência do ambiente e do genótipo.
Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg is a South American fruit tree species with important ecological and medicinal properties, which remnants are currently found mainly in isolated forest fragments. In this study, SSR markers from three different genomic origins (gene-linked, nuclear neutral, and organellar) were used to evaluate the patterns of genetic diversity, fi ne-scale spatial genetic structure and historical gene fl ow in fragmented forest formations of C. xanthocarpa from the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. Our results show that the forest fragments present moderate to high levels of genetic diversity in comparison to species presenting similar life traits, although a trend opposite to expected was observed concerning gene-linked and neutral SSR markers. The fi ne-scale spatial genetic structure revealed different patterns in short and large distance classes, with a distinct infl uence of gene-linked and neutral markers in driving the genetic structure in each distance class. The presence of an isolationby-adaptation pattern implies the need for maintenance of the current remnants to assure the conservation of the private alleles. Finally, as the genetic diversity is found predominantly within forest fragments, programs of seed collection and/or genetic rescue should prioritize a larger number of individuals within each fragment, to increase the sampled diversity.
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