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IntroductionApproximately 5%–10% of individuals with untreated latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) will progress to active tuberculosis (TB). Children are at a higher risk for progression to TB disease than adults. Isoniazid prophylaxis treatment period is long and can cause liver damage. Alternatives to isoniazid, such as rifamycin containing regimens, should be considered for prophylaxis. Previous systematic reviews, with different study designs and data combining results on children and adults, have evaluated the comparative efficacy and harms of LTBI treatment regimens. We aim to determine the effectiveness and safety of all the different regimens available for the treatment of LTBI for children and adolescents less than 18 years of age, contacts of drug-susceptible TB, without HIV infection.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be systematically searched for randomised controlled trials without any language or publication date restriction. Screening and extraction will be performed in duplicate. Risk of bias will be performed in duplicate with Cochrane Risk of Bias tool V.2. Pairwise meta-analysis of direct comparisons and network meta-analyses (NMAs) will be performed. Heterogeneity will be assessed using I2 and Cochrane thresholds. Direct and indirect estimates in an NMA will be combined if justifiable. Subgroups analyses will be performed in different mean age and study year groups. Sensitivity analysis based on the risk of bias will be conducted. Publication bias will be investigated using funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria will assess certainty of the evidence for the direct comparisons. GRADE approach for NMA will assess the quality of the evidence from the indirect and NMA.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as no primary data are collected. This systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021271512.
Introducción: La Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) tiene presentación precoz o tardía. Es necesaria mayor información sobre factores de riesgo según edad de aparición de EA. El objetivo es caracterizar variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, de laboratorio, genéticas y antecedentes en pacientes con EA de novo según edad de aparición en el departamento del Atlántico, Colombia en un periodo de dos años.
Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal con 39 pacientes con diagnóstico de EA de novo. Se realizó un cuestionario, se solicitaron paraclínicos y se obtuvo una muestra sanguínea para genotipificación de APOE. Se utilizó el software IBM SPSS 21 para análisis.
Resultados: El 82,05% tenían EA tardío y 17,95%, EA precoz. El 69,23% era femenino. El 71,44% con EA precoz eran casados y 53,12% con EA tardío eran viudos. Solo 14,29% con EA precoz tenían niveles óptimos de LDL, similar al grupo tardío (18,75%). El 79,49% era heterocigoto para el alelo ε4. El 71,43% con EA precoz tenía antecedente familiar de demencia.
Discusión: La edad es el factor de riesgo más importante y el sexo femenino tiene una mayor incidencia por mayor expectativa de vida. Las relaciones sociales juegan un rol en el desarrollo de la enfermedad y en el diagnóstico precoz o estadios iniciales. El aumento del LDL y disminución del HDL se presentan en individuos con mayor deterioro neuronal, especialmente ante la presencia del alelo ε4 del gen APOE, por disminución del catabolismo de LDL plasmático. Tener un alelo ε4 y un familiar con demencia aumenta la probabilidad de padecer EA.
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