Within the framework of social sustainability, the studies that measure the contribution of houses allocated to the country’s most vulnerable population are limited. This article presents a case study that assesses the contribution of a social housing project to social sustainability in the Region of La Araucanía, Chile. Here, the degree of social contribution for the Amuley Ruka project in Pitrufquén, Region of La Araucanía is determined. In this study, a pre-post assessment was used by triangulating the data obtained in field visits, interviews and document reviews. Thus, appropriate indicators were adjusted to measure multiple evaluation criteria and the measurement scales were standardized. All this makes it possible to determine the vulnerable situation of the beneficiaries, the effects on the context and the criteria to improve. The results obtained clarify the partial and total contribution of the social housing project. It is detected that the criteria “Connectivity and access” and “Family support” do not present significant differences resulting from the project. In addition, the criteria “Community Health and Safety” and “Recreation infrastructure” show a reduction in their contribution with respect to the social housing intervention.
Trifolium pratense, is a forage found worldwide, but it is negatively impacted by the clover root borer, Hylastinus obscurus. Methanolic extraction has been reported for isolating formononetin from vegetal tissues, with an antifeeding effect on H. obscurus. However, this methodology is time-consuming and also extracts other secondary metabolites, whereas enzymatic assays can provide higher specificity. Hence, the objective of this work was to determine the optimal conditions in pH, temperature, and incubation time for the activity of isoflavone synthase via a response surface model (RSM). Once these parameters were optimized, the concentration of formononetin in cultivars and experimental lines of T.pratense was evaluated enzymatically. The results showed that the best condition for developing the enzymatic assay was pH 9.1 with an incubation at 34.5 °C for 155 min. The formononetin content fluctuated between 0.74 and 1.96 mg/g of fresh weight, where Precoz-3, Precoz-1, and Superqueli-INIA presented the highest production.
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