This research aimed to examine digital technology (DT) use, sleep quality (SQ), and the correlations between these variables in children and parents, in Croatia during the lockdown. Furthermore, it aimed to determine parental life satisfaction (LS) and its relation to DT use. In an online questionnaire, 281 parents of children (3 to 14 years old) provided information about the duration of DT activities throughout the pandemic, compared to the time before the pandemic, the time spent using digital devices in a typical day, and SQ for themselves and their children, as well as the estimates of personal LS. The results show that the relationship between DT use and SQ during the lockdown differs between parents and children. More time spent using DT devices is not related to SQ in parents, and more time spent on smartphones is positively associated with parents' LS. In children, the prolonged use of smartphones for leisure is negatively linked to SQ. These results call for caution in allowing children longer screen time.
This review paper aims to present the results of recent research on the relation between the use of digital technology and children's development. The paper describes the importance of the topic and gives a systematic overview of empirical research on the topic of the paper. The results of recent research show that the use of digital technology in children is associated, albeit low to moderate, with their physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development. The content that is viewed, created, and listened to through digital technology devices and the time and circumstances of children's use of digital technology determine whether the effects of the use of digital technology on children's development will be positive or negative. This review of current research indicates the need to further examine the factors that may mediate and/or moderate the relationship between the use of digital technology and children's development, and the need to develop a theoretical framework to integrate current knowledge and direct future research in the field.
Since the use of digital technology (DT) has become a significant part of children’s everyday life, one of the main questions is why and for what purposes children use DT. This paper aims to explore categories of motivation for DT use among Croatian children aged 9 to 15 years, and their rate of occurrence, from the perspective of children (18 boys; 13 girls; average age = 11) and their parents (3 fathers; 28 mothers). Focus groups with children as well as their parents were conducted online via Zoom, in spring 2021. Results show that both children and their parents state following motives for children’s use of DT: fun and entertainment, interaction and communication, relaxation, and rest, learning and seeking information. Furthermore, children, but not their parents, state as their motives time pass and boredom, and Fear of Missing Out. This research contributes to a better understanding of the reasons why children use DT, provides a taxonomy of motives, and shows that children’s motives for DT use are universal to different life circumstances.
Tolerance is one of the ideals of a democratic and pluralistic society. It is a way of behaving which allows others the freedom to express opinions with which we do not agree, and the right of others to live according to their principles different from ours. Recently Europe is faced with political challenges caused by mass immigration to European countries. In such circumstances, dilemmas arise regarding the possibility of maintaining the ideals of freedom and equality in European countries, which have become a melting pot of people of different nationalities, races, cultures, religions, and lifestyles. In this article, we used the results of the tolerance research in six European Mediterranean countries, conducted in 2017 as part of the European Values Study project. The objectives were to determine for each of the mentioned countries the level of tolerance or intolerance towards social groups in general, towards individual social groups, and differences between different socio-demographic groups of respondents concerning their level of tolerance or intolerance. The results show that Croatia, Italy, and Slovenia are the countries with the highest tolerance levels compared to the other countries. Also, members of the 'drug addicts' and the 'heavy drinkers' are considered the most problematic social groups in all six European Mediterranean countries. When it comes to gender, there is little difference in tolerance level. More educated and younger respondents have higher levels of tolerance.
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