Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are chemically similar to testosterone, used for the treatment/control of various diseases. However, these substances are being used in non-therapeutic and indiscriminate purposes to improve sports performance and mainly esthetics. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of AAS use and information of undergraduates and physical education teachers working in fitness centers in Belém-pA. A closed anonymous questionnaire was applied to 117 volunteers as an instrument. Comparison of the prevalence of use and degree of information of the respondents about AAS was performed using statistical non-parametric test x 2 (chi-square), considering the range of 95%, significant when p<0.05. The average age of the participants was 28.0 ± 6.3 years and the prevalence of AAS use was of 31.6%. The highest prevalence found was among specialist professionals (39.3%), the main motivation for the use of AAS was 75.6% to esthetics. Regarding the information, it was found that the drugs were classified as AAS: durateston, deca-durabolin, Oxandrolona/Winstrol. However, these professionals took other substances for AAS, including: growth hormone and oils. Among the side effects, the most commonly cited were: acne, deepening of the voice and aggressiveness, but more harmful side effects such as cancer and flavor were less marked. The results of this study demonstrate that the use prevalence was significant (p≤0.03) among the undergraduate and physical education professors working in fitness centers of Belém-pA, evidencing hence probable misinformation about some of the side effects of AAS use, implying the indiscriminate use of these drugs.
IntroductionAging involves a progressive reduction of respiratory muscle strength as well as muscle strength.PurposeCompare the effects of resistance training volume on the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), functional performance, and muscle strength in elderly women.MethodsThirty elderly women were randomly assigned to a group performing either single sets (1-SET) or three sets (3-SET) of exercises. The sit-to-stand test, MIP, MEP, and muscle strength were assessed before and after 24 training sessions. Progressive resistance training was performed two times per week for a total of 8–12 repetitions, using the main muscle groups of the upper and lower limbs.ResultsThe main results showed that the participants significantly increased their MEP (P<0.05; 1-SET: 34.6%; 3-SET: 35.8%) and MIP (P<0.05; 1-SET: 13.7%; 3-SET: 11.2%). Both groups also improved in the sit-to-stand test (P<0.05; 1-SET: 10.6%; 3-SET: 17.1%). After 24 training sessions, muscle strength also significantly increased (P<0.0001; 40%–80%) in both groups. An intergroup comparison did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups in any of the parameters analyzed.ConclusionSingle- and multiple-set resistance training programs increased MIP, MEP, muscle strength, and sit-to-stand test performance in elderly women after 24 sessions of training. In conclusion, our results suggested that elderly women who are not in the habit of physical activity may start with single-set resistance training programs as a short-term strategy for the maintenance of health.
RESUMONo processo de envelhecimento, entre outras perdas funcionais, ocorrem reduções no desempenho físico e capacidade funcional respiratória. Sabe-se que o treinamento resistido (TR) é eficaz no desenvolvimento do trofismo e força muscular, contudo, pouco se sabe sobre a influência do TR em variáveis respiratórias. Objetivo: comparar as pressões inspiratórias e expiratórias máximas (PImáx; PEmáx), as amplitudes Axilar (AAx
IntroduçãoNo processo de envelhecimento algumas fragilidades do desempenho físico e da capacidade funcional respiratória podem ser verificadas, tais como as reduções da força dos músculos respiratórios 1 , da complacência torácica 2 , do pico de fluxo expiratório 3 e do desempenho no teste de caminhada 4,5 . Sabe-se que o exercício físico regular pode contribuir para retardar os efeitos degenerativos do processo natural de envelhecimento e que o treinamento resistido (TR) pode ser considerado como intervenção eficaz sobre o desempenho adequado dos músculos estriados esqueléticos, em especial na capacidade de gerar força 6 . Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre a influência do TR em variáveis respiratórias 7 .
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