Introduction:Mucoid degeneration and Ganglion cysts arising from the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) of the knee are rare. The aetiology, clinical features and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of PCL mucoid degeneration and intercondylar ganglion cyst are discussed.Case Report:We present a 36 year-old male patient who presented with chronic right knee pain for the duration of 5-6 months. No evidence of ligament instability on clinical examination was found. A diagnosis of PCL mucoid degeneration and intercondylar ganglion cyst was made on MRI.Conclusion:Mucoid degeneration and ganglion cyst involving PCL are uncommon lesions and represents the spectrum of same pathology. MR imaging is sensitive, specific, accurate and noninvasive, while providing multiplanar imaging and superior identification of the anatomical and morphological relationship of the synovial tissue to the surrounding structures, an additional intra-articular lesions can also be detected.
In this article, we emphasize the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of non-contrast MRI as the primary imaging modality in the evaluation of non-febrile pediatric seizure, illustrate the MR spectrum of different structural lesions causing pediatric seizures, and finally describing the main MR imaging features of these disorders. Among 366 cases of pediatric epilepsy studied over a period of fifteen years the commonly detected structural malformations are mesial temporal sclerosis unilateral and bilateral, heterotopias, cortical dysplasia, neurocutaneous syndromes and few neoplasms. MRI showed hippocampal atrophy and increased signal intensity of the hippocampus on T2-weighted images in mesial temporal sclerosis, cortical thickness and sulcation are decreased in microcephaly, enlarged dysplastic cortex in hemimegalencephaly, and focal cortical dysplasia shows ipsilateral focal cortical thickening with radial hyperintense bands. MRI detects smooth brain in classic lissencephaly, the ectopic position of gray matter in heterotopias, and the nodular cortex with cobblestone cortex in congenital muscular dystrophy. MRI can detect polymicrogyria and the related syndromes, as well as schizencephaly types. In conclusion, MR imaging is essential to demonstrate the morphology, distribution, and extent of different disorders causing seizures in children as well as the associated anomalies and related syndromes to guide patient for further surgical treatment and counseling.
The current cancerophobic climates surrounding breast disease affect the sequence of imaging modalities and follow-up. Neither the physician nor the patient can be sure that the palpable lump is an actual mass or an unexceptional variant and, here is the active/decisive role of a radiologist to evaluate sonomammographic appearances as per Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Lexicon, and then assuring the patient for its benignity or asserting the necessity of further intervention. This study reviews key sonomammographic features of common and unusual benign breast disease, infections, and systemic disorders affecting breast in the female patient.
How to cite this article
Ahluwalia VV, Saharan PS, Chauhan A. Clinicoradiological Approach to Sonomammographic Spectrum of Breast Disorders. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(2):126-134.
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