AIMTo evaluate the ocular surface changes in patients with various conditions of dry eye with normal tear film function tests. METHODS20 cases of study group and 20 of control group are taken. Both groups underwent various tear film function tests including TBUT, Schirmer's test and rose Bengal staining and patients with abnormal tear film function tests were excluded from the study. RESULTSStatistical analysis was carried out using fisher's test with SPSS software. There was statistically significant difference between the patient and the control group in terms of impression cytology results (Fisher's test p=0.0037). 1. In our study, 55% of case revealed grade zero conjunctival metaplasia, 25% showed grade 1, 10% had grade 2 and rest 10% had grade 3 conjunctival metaplasia. 2. All the samples from control group had showed no conjunctival metaplasia. 3. Impression cytology result were found to be abnormal in 30% of NIDDM, 35% of allergic conjunctivitis and 35% of pterygium cases. CONCLUSIONSImpression cytology helps in early diagnosis of dry eye compared with commonly used tear film function tests, hence helpful in early establishment of treatment. PURPOSETo evaluate the ocular surface changes in patients with various conditions of dry eye with normal tear film function tests.
Introduction: Malignant hypertension is high blood pressure that comes suddenly and quickly. We attempted to review the clinical and fundus findings in patients with malignant hypertension (MHT). The lower (diastolic) blood pressure reading which is normally less than 80 mmHg, is often above 130 mmHg (240/140mmHg). Malignant hypertension may present with retinopathy, choroidopathy, and optic neuropathy. Optical coherence tomography is a relatively new imaging technique for evaluating retinal thickness and the location of pathologyin patients with malignant hypertension. Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried in the department of ophthalmology comprising two groups based on history of history of hypertension (group1)and no history of hypertension (group2). The charts and fundus photographs of patients with hypertensive retinopathy from 2010 to 2015 was studied. Data of patients were included when their color photographs of the fundus were judged to indicate hypertensive retinopathy grade III or IV. There had to have been at least 1 high blood pressure reading recorded in the chart during the period when the symptoms occurred. Results: Twenty patients were included in our study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether or not they had a history ofhypertension. Group 1 included 8 patients with no hypertension history, while group 2 included 12 patients with a known hypertension history. In group 1, Malignant hypertension was diagnosed by an ophthalmologist in 8 patients, in which 4:4 M:F ratio and In group 2 , 12 patients of malignant hypertension, in which M:F ratio being 3:9.There were no significant differences in age, or systolic and diastolic blood pressures. There were more complications such as renal failure and stroke in group 2 patients. Conclusion: Funduscopy has decisive significance in the diagnosis and monitoring of MHT. In order to accurately diagnose and achieve early control of this critical condition, a detailed fundus examination and blood pressure monitoring are mandatory.
BACKGROUNDHuman resources like Doctors form the important part of all health systems. To achieve health objectives and goals, health resources should be distributed evenly among people irrespective of economic, social and geographical barriers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical challenges faced by trainee Ophthalmologists and to compare the efficacy of two different methods of training; step-by-step method and one-step method are the two ways of training practiced to train ophthalmologists. This study compares the two ways of training by evaluating complications at the end of surgeries performed by trainee surgeons. Setting-Department of Ophthalmology, Index Medical College and Research Centre. Study Design-A Prospective Comparative Study. MATERIALS AND METHODSTime Period-1 st January 2017 to 31 st March 2017, 3 months. Cataract Surgery performed-Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery performed within the above-mentioned period (80 SICS). Study was divided into 2 Groups accordinglyGroup 1-Including residents that were trained with the 'step-by-step' method (44 SICS). Group 2-Including residents that were trained with the 'one-step' method (36 SICS).1. Residents were evaluated for the ease of performing surgical steps. 2. Complications were recorded in terms of premature entry, buttonholing, running away of capsulorhexis, rhexis tear, zonular dialysis/dehiscence, posterior capsular rent/rupture, iridodialysis, vitreous loss. Both of the above-mentioned groups were compared according to various difficulties encountered in each approach and their management was done by the supervising surgeon. Patient was followed for 1 month. Data were listed and counted with Excel (Version 2007, Microsoft). Mean and Standard deviation was calculated. Chi-square and Student t-tests were used to assess statistical significance between groups. RESULTS 44 surgeries were done in "step-by-step" group of which 18 patients were male and 26 were female; and 36 surgeries were done in "one-step" group of which 20 were male and 16 were female. Mean age group of patient in "step-by-step" group was 64.22 ± 10.10 years and 63.50 ± 8.46 years in "one-step" group. Overall complication rate when compared between 2 groups were more in "onestep" group, which was significant in contrast to when individual complication rates were compared between two groups. CONCLUSIONThus to conclude, learning surgery is always an uphill task for a trainee. A great degree of temperament, practice and skills are required before proficiency is achieved. In our study, 2 approaches were practiced in learning SICS-"step-by-step" and "one-step"; and "step-by-step" approach was found beneficial for the beginners. KEYWORDS SICS, Trainee Surgeon, Cataract, Post-Operative Complication. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:Mushriff S, Telgote V, Patel K. Surgical challenges faced by trainee surgeons-a prospective comparative study.
PURPOSETo compare which test modality is better and less time consuming for diagnosis of dry eye. MATERIAL AND METHODThe present study was conducted on 100 subjects in Department of Ophthalmology, Index Medical College and Hospital, Indore (MP), from July 2015 to December 2015. After routine ophthalmological examination, Tear film Breakup Time (TBUT), Schirmer's Test, Fluorescein staining, Rose Bengal staining tests were performed on patients and results were analysed. OBSERVATIONSA total of 100 subjects participated in the study; 48 (48%) were male and 52 (52%) were female (0.9:1). The mean Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)-37.12±19.05 (Range 4-75), mean TBUT 11.37±3.69 seconds (Range 4-18 seconds), and Schirmer's test scores were calculated to be mean 11.87±5.04 (Range 27). The mean time taken to undertake the OSDI questionnaire was significantly lower than for the TBUT and Schirmer's test (P<0.05) and the mean time taken for the TBUT was significantly lower than for Schirmer's test (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONDiagnosis of dry eye might be strengthened if the OSDI and TBUT are both performed; these together would be less time consuming than a Schirmer's test alone. KEYWORDSDry Eye, Tear Film Breakup Time, Schirmer Test, Ocular Surface Disease Index. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:Karole C, Telgote V. Dry eye in present scenario.
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