The behavior of spatial objects is under the influence of nearby spatial processes. Therefore in order to perform any type of spatial analysis we need to take into account not only the spatial relationships among objects but also the underlying spatial processes and other spatial features in the vicinity that influence the behavior of a given spatial object. In this paper, we address the outlier detection by refining the concept of a neighborhood of an object, which essentially characterizes similarly behaving objects into one neighborhood. This similarity is quantified in terms of the spatial relationships among the objects and other semantic relationships based on the spatial processes and spatial features in their vicinity. These spatial features could be natural such as a stream, and vegetation, or man-made such as a bridge, railroad, and chemical factory. The paper also addresses the identification of spatio-temporal outliers in high dimensions, in their neighborhood.
A model to predict the Length of Stay (LOS) for hospitalized patients can be an effective tool for healthcare providers. Such a model will enable early interventions to prevent complications and prolonged LOS and also enable more efficient utilization of manpower and facilities in hospitals. In this paper, we propose an approach for Predicting Hospital Length of Stay (PHLOS) using a multi-tiered data mining approach. In this paper we propose a methodology that employs clustering to create the training sets to train different classification algorithms. We compared the performance of different classifiers along several different performance measures and consistently found that using clustering as a precursor to form the training set gives better prediction results as compared to non-clustering based training sets. We have also found the accuracies to be consistently higher than some reported in the current literature for predicting individual patient LOS. The classification techniques used in this study are interpretable, enabling us to examine the details of the classification rules learned from the data. As a result, this study provides insight into the underlying factors that influence hospital length of stay. We also examine our results with domain expert insights.
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