We describe a novel HPV 9G DNA chip test for the accurate and reliable genotyping of human papillomavirus (HPV). The HPV 9G DNA chip test established its efficiency in terms of a signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of 200, which is 50 times superior to commercial HPV DNA chips, and 100% target-specific hybridization at 25°C. We compared the genotyping results for the 439 clinical samples by the HPV 9G DNA chip test with the sequencing results for the MY11/GP6؉ (M2) primer set-mediated PCR products. The discrimination of HPV genotypes in the 151 HPV-positive clinical samples by the HPV 9G DNA chip test were 100% identical with the sequencing analysis. The clinical sensitivities of HPV genotyping by the HPV 9G DNA chip test and a commercial HPV DNA chip test were 100% and 88%, respectively. However, the clinical specificities of HPV genotyping by the HPV 9G DNA chip test and the commercial HPV DNA chip test were 100% and 94%, respectively. The 100% clinical sensitivity and specificity of the HPV 9G DNA chip test make it a promising diagnostic tool for HPV genotyping.

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We introduce the phenomenon of molecular recognition to immobilize oligonucleotides on AMCA slides for the production of 9G DNAChips. Facile and efficient method for the immobilization of the oligonucleotides appended with consecutive nine guanine bases is described. The 9G DNAChips shows more than 90% hybridization efficiency at 25 °C in 30 min.

The flaws in the present probe selection methods restrained the development of the DNA chip technology and its applications. The presented generalized probe selection method for the DNA chips elaborates the length of the probe, the melting temperatures, the specificity of the probe, and the position where the probe may bind to the targets.

According to the proposed DAGON method, the CRP and PSA antigens with the concentrations of 1 pg ml(-1) to 10 pg ml(-1) range can be easily differentiated in the buffer matrix. Moreover, it is for the first time that the multiple antigens with the concentrations of 1 pg ml(-1) and 0.1 pg ml(-1) can be detected in the mixture of the proteins without an amplification technique.