In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticle-loaded biochar derived from the pomelo peel (FO-PPB) was synthesized and applied as an affordable material for the adsorption of Reactive Red 21 (RR21) in an aqueous solution. The characteristics of FO-PPB were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. The adsorption process of FO-PPB with RR21 was evaluated through batch experiments to examine various parameters including solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial RR21 concentration, and solution temperature. Results show that FO-PPB produced by the impregnation ratio between iron (Fe) and pomelo peel biochar (PPB) of 5 : 1 (w/w) had the best adsorption performance. The adsorption capacities of PPB and FO-PPB at optimum experimental conditions (solution pH 3, contact time of 60 min, solution temperature of 40°C, initial RR21 concentration of 300 mg/L, and adsorbent dose of 2 g/L) were 18.59 and 26.25 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of RR21 on PPB and FO5-PPB were described well by Langmuir and Sips models with high R2 values of 0.9826 and 0.9854 for FO5-PPB and 0.9701 and 0.9903 for PPB, respectively. The obtained data also well matched the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models with R2 values ≥ 0.96. Chemisorption through sharing or electronic exchange was determined as the main adsorption mechanism.
We present herein some results on the fabrication and characterisation of n-type silicon nanoholes (SiNH)/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) containing different graphene oxide (GO) hybrid solar cells. SiNH prepared by a chemical etching method showed a relatively low reflectance below 10% in the incident wavelength range of 300–1000 nm. The effect of GO concentrations on the performance of the hybrid solar cell was also investigated. The solar cell containing 0.5 wt% GO concentration had a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.07%, a V
oc of 0.519 V, a J
sc of 26.85 mA cm−2 and an FF of 65%, which is about 20% improvement compared to the device without GO (7.53%). The enhancement is attributed to the increase in electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS coating layer due to the addition of the GO.
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