The main objective of this study was to assess the environmental impact of the Nam Son Landfill on the subsurface geological structure studied using 3D electrical imaging and self-potential investigations. The map of the equipotential was based on self-potential data and was indicative of concentrations of redox-active components, and the map of the electrical conductivity provided information about the mineralization of the groundwater. The electrical conductivity of the subsurface was obtained from 3D-electrical imaging analysis conducted using a Wenner-based array configuration. An inversion of the data was carried out using 3D regularized least-squares optimization methods with robust model constraints. Three profiles of 3D electrical imaging and 180 self-potential data points, scattered within the study area near the disposal site, were implemented. The self-potential method supports the results of the geoelectrical method relating to a contaminated zone in the survey area with a large negative self-potential anomaly of ∼−260 mV with respect to the reference of a contaminant plume. Interpretations of geophysical data showed a low resistivity zone (<10 Ω m), which appeared to be a fully saturated zone with leachate from the Nam Son open dumpsite. The correlation between geophysical investigations and hydrochemical analysis proved to show high conductivity zones related with landfill leachate.
Afatinib is a 4-anilinoquinazoline tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in the form of a dimaleate salt which is indicated for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The most scalable route for the synthesis of this drug was reported in two Boehringer Ingelheim patents, in which the title compound, 4,7-dichloro-6-nitroquinazoline (IV), is an important intermediate. Compound IV is also present in a number of synthetic pathways for various 4,7-disubstituted quinazoline derivatives displaying high therapeutic potential. However, no detailed characterization of this popular compound has been reported, possibly due to its high instability. In this paper, IV was prepared in an overall yield of 56.1% by a 3-step process (condensation, nitration, and chlorination) from 2-amino-4-chlorobenzoic acid (I). The target compound has been for the first time fully characterized by melting point, mass-spectrometry, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies.
Sulfones are important building blocks in the construction of biologically active molecules or functional materials. The sulfonyl functional group in sulfones is so versatile that it can act as either a nucleophile, an electrophile, or a radical in different organic reactions. Recently, quinazoline sulfones have been used to build asymmetrical ether derivatives as inhibitors of signaling pathways governed by tyrosine kinases and the epidermal growth factor-receptor. In this paper, we report a facile synthesis of a novel quinazoline sulfone, 6-nitro-7-tosylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (III), using the modified protocol from 7-chloro-6-nitroquinazolin-4(3H)-one (I) and sodium p-toluenesulfinate (II). The structure of the title compound III was determined using mass-spectrometry, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HSQC (Heteronuclear single quantum coherence), HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation Spectroscopy) spectroscopies, and PXRD analysis.
The study aims to investigate the optimal packaging material to maximise the restriction of physiological and biochemical changes which reduce oyster mushroom (Pleurotus saijo caju) quality during the storage after harvesting. There are six packaging techniques tested, including PET box, PET box with kraft paper, PET box with kraft covered by GreenMAP bag, soft tray covered GreenMAP bag, soft tray with kraft paper in GreenMAP bag, and kraft paper. The result shows that the PET box with kraft paper in the GreenMAP bag is the most suitable for the storage of oyster mushrooms. After 10 days under 4oC, the lowest weight reduction can be seen with only 5.78%, soluble protein declines 65.49%, and decrease of vitamin C with 27.87 mg/100 g. In addition, the fruit body can maintain the colour, structure, and taste better than those packed with other materials
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