Dermatography pigments are stable in the corneal stroma and are useful to treat photophobia in aniridia following trauma.

We conclude that reduced peptidase activities in serum or BAL fluid can be found in healthy smokers, but not in allergic asthmatics, and that inhaled glucocorticoids do not affect peptidase activities in BAL fluid or serum of asthmatics. Our results do not support the hypothesized dysfunction of peptidases in the asthmatic airways.

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Background Activating Gαq signalling mutations are considered an early event in the development of uveal melanoma. Whereas most tumours harbour a mutation in GNAQ or GNA11, CYSLTR2 (encoding G-protein coupled receptor CysLT2R) forms a rare alternative. The role of wild-type CysLT2R in uveal melanoma remains unknown. Methods We performed a digital PCR-based molecular analysis of benign choroidal nevi and primary uveal melanomas. Publicly available bulk and single cell sequencing data were mined to further study wild-type and mutant CYSLTR2. Results 1/16 nevi and 2/120 melanomas carried the CYSLTR2 mutation. The mutation was subclonal in the nevus, while being clonal in both melanomas. In the melanomas, secondary, subclonal CYSLTR2 alterations shifted the allelic balance towards the mutant. The resulting genetic heterogeneity was confirmed in distinct areas of both tumours. At the RNA level, further silencing of wild-type and preferential expression of mutant CYSLTR2 was identified, which was also observed in 2/3 CYSLTR2 mutant melanomas from the TCGA cohort. In CYSLTR2 wild-type melanomas, high expression of CYSLTR2 originated from melanoma cells and correlated to tumour inflammation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that CYSLTR2 is involved in both early and late development of uveal melanoma. Whereas the CYSLTR2 p.L129Q mutation is likely to be the initiating oncogenic event, various mechanisms further increase the mutant allele abundance during tumour progression. This makes mutant CysLT2R an attractive therapeutic target in uveal melanoma. In GNAQ, GNA11 and PLCB4 mutant melanomas, expression of wild-type CYSLTR2 possibly facilitates an interaction with immune cells in the microenvironment and may also have therapeutic potential.

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