In cardiovascular research, FSI is expressed by the interaction of the blood with the vessel or the heart. FSI plays a crucial role when the deformation of the boundary, in this case the vessel wall, cannot be neglected. Arterial blood flow and wave propagation in liquid filled vessels has been investigated by many researchers. Their work comprises computational, theoretical and experimental investigations and will be outlined below. This paper presents the development and validation of an arterial blood flow model. The model has been developed using finite elements and the fluid and the solid are coupled using the ALE method. This method allows moving boundaries without the need for the mesh movement to follow the material. In this paper both straight and tapered aortic analogues are included in the investigation. The pressure, pressure gradient, fluid flow and wall distension obtained from the finite element model is compared with an unique experimental data set and analytical theory. There is a good agreement between the computational, analytical and experimental results.
Fluid structure interaction (FSI) appears in many areas of engineering, e.g. biomechanics, aerospace, medicine and other areas and is often motivated by the need to understand arterial blood flow. FSI plays a crucial role and cannot be neglected when the deformation of a solid boundary affects the fluid behavior and vice versa. This interaction plays an important role in the wave propagation in liquid filled flexible vessels. Additionally, the effect of hyper gravity under certain circumstances should be taken into account, since such exposure can cause alterations in the wave propagation underexposed. Typical examples in which hyper gravity occurs are rollercoaster rides and aircraft or spacecraft flights. This paper presents the development of an arterial blood flow model including hyper gravity. This model has been developed using the finite element method along with the ALE method. This method is used to couple the fluid and structure. In this paper straight and tapered aortic analogues are included. The obtained computational data for the pressure is compared with analytical data available.
The Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) “Jules Verne” is the first completely automated rendezvous and docking spaceship to service to the International Space Station (ISS). As a cargo ship, it is designed for one-time use. After completing its mission, it is subjected to hypersonic flow during the re-entry into earth’s atmosphere, with high associated heat flux leading to structural heating and fragmentation of the vehicle. During its first voyage on September 29, 2008, the ATV reentry was observed using various instruments including a wide field view camera and high frame rate cameras. Using the wide field view camera the trajectory path can be reconstructed. The high frame rate camera gives information about the sequence of the events of the explosions and fragmentations of various parts of the spacecraft. The aim of this paper is to present the detailed events that occurred during the ATV re-entry.
In food industry mixing of concentrates contained in capsules with liquids such as milk or water for the production of warm drinks is becoming common practice the last couple of years. This process is characterized by complicated physical phenomena: the concentrates’ viscosity is temperature dependent, the liquid is non-Newtonian and the mixing process is turbulent. The industrial objective at the end of the process is a uniform liquid end product with as little as possible left over concentrate in the capsule. The optimization of the mixing process is typically done by trial and error in laboratories, which is time consuming and expensive. Computer models can significantly reduce the manufacturing costs associated with laboratory optimization and give a better insight of the process. The objective of this paper is to create a computer simulation model that is able to capture the physical processes occurring during the production of warm drinks using finite elements. The model should be able to correctly represent the mixing of the solid concentrate with the liquid injected inside the capsule compartment. Finite element method is used to solve the flow, heat exchange and concentration problem. In the paper different shapes of the capsule and how they influence the mixing are compared and their suitability for industry according to the amount of concentrate left in the capsule at the end of the process are assessed.
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