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Background: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen, belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. The methicillin-resistant Staphylococci have the mecA-gene, which confers them with the ability of becoming resistant to methicillin and multiple classes of antimicrobials, which makes the treatment of the affections caused by these specimens difficult. This work describes a case of systemic infection and death by methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermediusin a bitch.Case: A crossbred bitch (Canis lupus familiaris), was admitted to the University Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Western Bahia (HVU-UFOB). The main complaint reported by the owner was the presence of mammary nodules and constant nasal secretion. During the clinical examination was observed reactivity in the popliteal and left submandibular lymph nodes, pale mucous membranes, stomatitis, bilateral mucopurulent nasal secretion, abdominal pustules, serous secretion in the inguinal mammary gland and focal alopecia on the dorsum. On auscultation, was identified only arrhythmia and the other physiological parameters of the animal were within normality for the species. Samples of the nasal secretion and of the secretion from the abdominal pustules were collected, and sent to the Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory of the same institution. The samples collected were sown in 5% Blood Agar (BA), Sabouraud Agar (SAB) and MacConkey Agar (MCK), after 24 h was observed in BA the growth of macroscopically white colonies, with a humid aspect, creamy consistency, with presence of catalase and α-hemolysis. Microscopically, was observed the presence of Gram-positive cocci, suggestive of Staphylococcus sp.  Microscopically, was observed the presence of Gram-positive cocci, suggestive of Staphylococcus sp. In the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, was identified S. pseudintermedius. Enrofloxacin [Enrotrat tab® 25 mg, 5 mg/kg, SID, PO, 5 days] was prescribed and a follow-up consultation was requested. Two weeks after leaving the University Veterinary Hospital, the animal was admitted in emergency and was submitted to the support protocol and died during the procedure. After the owner’s authorization, the anatomopathological examination was carried out, and fragments of the liver, lung and kidney were collected, in addition to sample of the liquid of the abdominal cavity for microbiological examination, and was evidenced the growth of S. pseudintermedius in all the specimens. The bacterium’s susceptibility to 19 antibiotics was tested, and a high degree of resistance was found, with sensitivity only to amoxicillin+ clavulanate (20-10 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg) and vancomycin (30 μg). Given the detection of MRSP in Chromogenic Agar and in cefoxitin disks, all the specimens were MRSP positive.Discussion: The diagnosis based on the bacteriological culture and anatopathological findings were essential for the confirmation of the clinical presentation of septicemia. The isolation of S. pseudintermedius in all the analyzed samples, associated to the identification by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry confirmed the clinical suspicion of systemic infection. Based on the result of the antibiogram and phenotypic tests, it was evidenced that all the isolates were MRSP positive, presenting multiple resistance to antibiotics, which may have interfered in the efficiency of the treatment. The results obtained in this report are worrying and signal the need for the implementation of phenotypical researches associated to anti-microbial susceptibility tests in bacteria isolated from animals attended in veterinary clinics and hospitals, in order to monitor and avoid the dissemination of pathogens with a multi-resistant profile.

Este trabalho verificou a utilização do diagnóstico citológico, como método de identificação de afecções em cães e gatos domiciliados no município de Barra-BA atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) da Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB). O estudo foi realizado a partir da análise de amostras citológicas relativas aos casos clínicos atendidos nos anos de 2018 e 2019. Foram atendidos 711 animais, desses contabilizadas 105 (101 caninos e 4 felinos - 59 fêmeas e 46 machos) solicitações do exame citológico. A maioria dos animais (28,57%) apresentavam de 6 a 10 anos, prevalecendo os animais Sem Raça Definida (62,38%). Os processos inflamatórios foram diagnosticados em 43,80% dos casos, identificados como de causa infecciosa em 86,90% (30% por Leishmania spp., 27,5% infecções bacterianas, 27,5% pela levedura Malassezia spp. e outros 15% por associação deste fungo a bactérias). Os processos inflamatórios de origem não infecciosa foram registrados em 13,10% casos (84% infiltrados de células inflamatórias e 16% como dermatite por lambedura). Observou-se processos não inflamatórios em 19,05% das amostras, sendo 95% de origem neoplásica, (63,15% TVT, 21,05% Carcinoma de Células Escamosas, 10,05% Adenocarcinoma e 5,30% Tricoblastoma). Já entre os processos não inflamatórios e não neoplásicos (5%) diagnosticou-se um cisto epidérmico (100%). A aplicabilidade do diagnóstico citológico em cães e gatos denota importância uma vez que, auxiliou médicos veterinários na confirmação de suspeitas clínicas, permitindo a emissão de laudos diagnósticos, estabelecimento de tratamentos e dados epidemiológicos que possibilitam a implantação de medidas de controle das enfermidades.

Background and Aim: The production of beta-lactamase enzymes, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), adenosine-monophosphate-cyclic (AmpC), and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), is one of the most important mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. Gram-negative bacteria show significant resistance due to various intrinsic and acquired factors. These intrinsic factors include low permeability of the outer membrane, various efflux systems, and the production of beta-lactamases, while acquired factors include chromosomal mutation and acquisition of resistance genes by horizontal transfer. Mobile elements such as plasmids, integrative conjugative elements, mobilizable islands, or transposable elements are involved in horizontal transfer. At present, the Gram-negative pathogens of most concern are Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and those belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family (e.g., Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis). This study aimed to evaluate the profile of antimicrobial resistance and the production of the enzymes ESBL, AmpC, and KPC, in 21 gram-negative bacteria isolated from domestic animals treated at the University Veterinary Hospital (HVU) of the Federal University of Western Bahia (UFOB). Materials and Methods: The biological samples (21) were inoculated to brain heart infusion broth, blood agar, and MacConkey agar and incubated for 24-72 h at 37°C. Gram staining and identification through biochemical tests and matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were conducted. To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile, the disk diffusion method was used, and 25 antibiotics were employed. For the detection of ESBL, the disk approximation method was applied using chromogenic agar. The presence of KPC was observed using chromogenic agar and the Hodge test. For AmpC evaluation, the disk approximation method was used. Results: The most isolated agent was E. coli (66.66%, 14/21), followed by K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis (both 14.29%, 3/21), and then Pasteurella spp. (4.76%, 1/21). The bacterial isolates showed high levels of resistance against clindamycin, penicillin, imipenem, polymyxin, cefoxitin, gentamycin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. The best effectiveness rates were observed for cefepime, streptomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, aztreonam, nalidixic acid, tobramycin, levofloxacin, amikacin, and meropenem. All biological isolates showed multiple resistance to at least three of the antibiotics tested (3/25), and some showed resistance to 24 of the antibiotics tested (24/25). Among the 21 pathogens analyzed, 8 were ESBL producers (38.09%); of these, 6 were identified as E. coli (28.57%), and 2 were identified as K. pneumoniae (9.52%). Two strains of K. pneumoniae produced both ESBL and KPC. None of the isolates were producers of AmpC. Conclusion: The results found in the present work raise concern about the level of antimicrobial resistance among pathogens isolated from domestic animals in Brazil. The results highlight the need for the development and implementation of anti-resistance strategies to avoid the dissemination of multiresistant pathogens, including the prudent use of antimicrobials and the implementation of bacterial culture, antimicrobial sensitivity, and phenotypic tests for the detection of beta-lactamase enzymes in bacteria isolated from animals.

The present study aimed to report a case of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton verrucosum in a domestic feline. The patient was admitted to the University Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of West Bahia, with dermatological complaints. On physical examination, alopecic lesions with an erythematous, hyperpigmented appearance and the presence of papules were noted, which were distributed throughout the body, with a greater predominance in the thoracic limbs, ventral region and head. Dermatological samples were collected from different areas of the body with lesions, which were sent for mycological culture and research for ectoparasites at the Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Veterinary Microbiology of the same institution. The fungal examination showed the growth of colonies with a prominent center and flat periphery with salmon coloring and a subtly granular texture, demonstrating on microscopy hyaline septate fungal filaments, the presence of few piriform to ovoid shaped microconidia, in addition to several chlamydospores and hyphae with engorgement. terminal, compatible with “pearl chains”, confirming a case of dermatophytosis by T. verrucosum. The literature approaches this fungus as a cause of disease in cattle and other ruminants, however there is still little information about its distribution and epidemiology in felines in Brazil, revealing the need for epidemiological studies in the area. It is concluded, therefore, that T. verrucosum infection in felines should be considered as a differential diagnosis of other dermatological conditions in the small animal clinic.

Background: Trichoblastoma is a rare skin neoplasm derived from the primitive hair follicle, having epithelial and mesenchymal components. Despite being commonly described as a benign tumor, there are reports in the literature of tumors with characteristics of malignant neoplasia. It affects adult dogs and cats, with no predilection for sex. Although rare, in studies in Brazil the pathology shows variable rates of occurrence. This work describes a case of tricoblastoma in a 4-year-old mixed breed dog, submitted to care at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Western Bahia (HVU-UFOB).Case: A 4-year-old male mixed breed dog with 7 kg of body weight, was referred to the HVU-UFOB. The main complaint reported by the canine’s tutor was an increase in volume in the region of the animal's face, which evolved slowly, associated with itching, bleeding and sensitivity to touch. During the physical examination, a round, elevated mass was observed in the subcutaneous tissue of the left face, in the mandible region, with local alopecia. On palpation, the neoformation showed a firm consistency, well-defined and fluctuating, with no solutions for continuity or discomfort to touch. The animal's physiological parameters were within the normal for the species. CBC, chest X-rays, abdominal ultrasound and aspiration cytology of the mass were requested. The blood count and image tests did not reveal any changes. On cytological examination, small, grouped basal epithelial cells were observed, characterized by a high nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, monomorphic nuclei and intensely basophilic and pigmented cytoplasm, a suggestive diagnosis of basal cell tumor. Due to the findings, an excisional biopsy of the mass was performed, with margins of 2 cm. The mass with its margins was sent for histopathological examination at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the HVU. Macroscopically, an expansive mass was observed, covered by skin, was well defined, not encapsulated, distending the dermis, with a dome shape, measuring 8.0 x 5.0 x 4.0 cm in length, white and firm to the cut, with discrete lobulation. Microscopically, there was a proliferation of small cuboidal to elongated cells with a round to oval nucleus of loose chromatin and little evident nucleolus, and of a pale, scarce eosinophilic cytoplasm. Neoplastic cells were sometimes arranged in strings, palisades (ribbon type) or islands and were sometimes seen centrally aggregated emitting strands of cells (medusoid type) separated by moderate fibrovascular stroma, compatible with trichoblastoma. Tissue healing occurred satisfactorily, and the stitches were removed 10 days after the surgical procedure.Discussion: The clinical analysis of the case associated with the cytological and histopathological examination of the lesion allowed the visualization of physical and cellular changes, confirming the diagnosis of trichoblastoma. The animal involved was 4-years-old, within the chronological variability most affected by the tumor. The macroscopic lesions and the location of the neoplasia were also similar to those described in the literature. However, their race (mixed breed) was different from the most evident. Treatment based on total surgical excision of the neoplasia proved to be effective. This work is the first reported in the Western of Bahia describing a case of trichoblastoma in a dog.

The present study aims to determine the epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial profile of the dermatopathies that affect dogs and cats living in a semi-arid area in the Northeast of Brazil. Seventy-eight dogs and cats consulted at the Veterinary Hospital with dermatological complaints were included in this study. Skin lesions were characterized with respect to morphology, appearance, and distribution, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied, and samples were collected for complementary examination. The diagnosis was confirmed by parasitological and microbiological tests.  There was a predominance of the canine species (93.6%), of young animals (46.3%), and of animals of undefined breeds (61.5%).  It was observed that 29.5% of the affections were of fungal aetiology, 14.1% were bacterial, 3.9% were scabies. In 5.1% of the cases there were associations between different pathogens, and in 47.4% the laboratory examination was negative for the pathogens investigated. The most frequent clinical manifestations included alopecia (74.4%), pruritus (61.6%) and erythema (43.6%), distributed mainly in the dorsal-ventral region (36.1%) or even disseminated (43.1%). With respect to One Health, 51.3% (40/78) of the owners reported that they did not know what "zoonoses" were.  Dermatopathies have been shown to be important disorders, especially the mycotic and bacterial diseases. Atypical cases of infections motivated by pathogens little described in the literature as etiologic agents of dermatopathies in dogs and cats were observed.

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