Purpose
This paper aims to review and discuss customer satisfaction and its application to the hospitality and tourism industries. This paper defines the concept and analyzes its importance to services in general and to hospitality/tourism services in particular. This paper is a revision and update of an article previously published by Pizam and Ellis (1999) on customer satisfaction measurements.
Design/methodology/approach
The most recent research on customer satisfaction measurements and scales is summarized and presented in the paper.
Findings
Following a discussion on the dimensions and attributes of satisfaction, the main methods of measuring satisfaction are listed, and cross-cultural issues that affect satisfaction are reviewed. Finally, the paper concludes with a comprehensive review of the current online tools and techniques available for measuring customer satisfaction.
Research limitations/implications
This summary gives a good overview to researchers who require a comprehensive review of the available research measurements and scales for customer satisfaction.
Originality/value
For the past decade, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in customer satisfaction. Finding the appropriate measurements and scales for customer satisfaction can be time-consuming and confusing. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the best-known measurements and scales in customer satisfaction research. The paper also provides innovative online tools and techniques available for research.
Taking the perspective of positive education, this study aims to examine the state of hospitality and tourism students' hope during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also investigates the role of academic program engagement efforts in imparting students' hope, their academic satisfaction, and loyalty intention to remain in hospitality and tourism as a major and career. The results show that student's engagement experience is positive despite the crisis. Engagement activities, especially from faculty and the overall campus environment, significantly instilled hope among students. Hope and academic satisfaction were two powerful predictors for student's major and career loyalty. The study results not only provide a timely snapshot on hospitality and tourism students' engagement experience, academic satisfaction, and loyalty intention during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also offers a hope-centered framework to guide academic programs on their engagement and student success efforts going forward.
This study investigates the antecedents and effects of hospitality students' coping mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between career adaptability, hope, resilience, and life satisfaction are explored to unveil students' adaptability during times of crisis. The findings confirmed that hope is an important driver of resilience and life satisfaction. Despite all the negativity and uncertainty about jobs and careers during the COVID-19 pandemic, resilience has a double acting effect on the students’ life satisfaction via individual and community resilience. Critical implications for academic institutions and the hospitality industry are presented. As the industry recovers from the pandemic and moves toward normality, the potential impact of career adaptability, hope, resilience, and life satisfaction on future job pursuit and career magnetism towards particular industry or organizations should be considered.
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