Improving the system of preventive measures aimed at reducing the severity of road accidents is an urgent task. Mortality on roads is constantly increasing and it is necessary to ensure an integrated approach to creating safe road conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the promising designs of guardrails designed to prevent uncontrolled exit of vehicles from the roadway and the development of crash cushions. Guardrails should not only be safe for road users, but should also ensure their safety, as well as preserve the elements after crashing it. Conducted analytical studies have shown that to reduce the mechanical damage to vehicles and reduce the severity of injuries to the driver and passengers, it is necessary to develop guardrails that allows capturing shock energy at the moment of contact between the car and the guardrails. The considered design of the crash cushion provides a damping effect when the car crashes the guardrails and at the same time limit the ability to move its elements relative to the original position. This is achieved by using several materials with different strength characteristics in the design of the guardrails, which contributes to its gradual destruction in several stages and smooth energy dissipation.
The use of coordinated management is a justified measure for the organization of traffic on regulated main streets, especially with high loads on the road network, in cases where the intensity of traffic flow is approaching the value of capacity. These "peak" loads have a negative impact on the characteristics of the traffic flow, but these loads are not always characteristic of controlled main streets, and the introduction of coordinated management with such types of loads – "not peak" should be justified and appropriate. The existing criteria for entering the coordination of the main street do not allow us to assess the feasibility of using this type of control with low loads on the street and road network. In order to assess the effectiveness of the use of coordinated management of the main street at low load levels, within the framework of this article, an analysis of existing methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the type of management in question was carried out, a full-scale study of the main street was conducted. Voronezh and the simulation of the site under consideration was carried out with and without coordination, the results were evaluated, conclusions were formulated and directions for further research were determined.
Ensuring comfortable and safe conditions for visitors to large-scale events of various kinds is one of the priority areas for the organizers. There are many examples when insufficient attention was paid to security issues, which led to sad consequences for the audience. Mistakes in planning evacuation routes in emergency situations are the main cause of panic for a crowd of people. Victims of the evacuation can be avoided with a well-organized system of informing the audience and a pre-planned visual orientation with signs and arrows, as well as sound. Visitors should be instructed and aware of the routes and exits that should be used in case of emergency evacuation. This article discusses the possibility of creating the necessary prerequisites for improving the safety of pedestrians participating in mass events. The presented study is aimed at forming the necessary foundations for developing recommendations to improve the safety of events with a large number of participants.
77494456 УДК 630*377 ПРОГНОЗНО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ТЕХНИКО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ В РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЛЕСОТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СИСТЕМАХ кандидат технических наук, доцент В. А. Иванников 1 кандидат технических наук, доцент Ю. Н. Пильник 2 Ю. В. Ермолов 1 1-ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет имени Г.Ф. Морозова», г. Воронеж, Российская Федерация 2-ФГБОУ ВО «Ухтинский государственный технический университет», г. Ухта, Российская Федерация
Seed quality is one of the essential prerequisite for high yield formation. Ecological heterogeneity of seeds remains one of the unsolved challenges of seed production as yet. The existence of close relation between seed quality and the conditions of their growing indicates the relevance of the assessment of the ecological nature of seed heterogeneity and becomes the target of the authors’ study. Laboratory and field methods were widely used. The authors investigated different fractions of winter wheat seeds of the Alaya Zarya variety. The seeds were calibrated by width, by the specific weight, and by thickness. The studies have shown that seeds of different fractions differ in their ecological properties. Large seeds calibrated by width, seeds of low specific weight and seeds of shallow thickness were characterized by high responsiveness to vegetation conditions. The seeds of these fractions are recommended to be used in intensive cultivation technologies. The seeds of large fraction calibrated by thickness were characterized by high homeostatic properties and are recommended to be used in organic farming.
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