The personal characteristics (components) of students studying in the direction of «Bachelor» in the dynamics from the first to the fourth year, revealing their motivational and semantic sphere, are given. It is shown that in the fourth year of training, the structural organisation of components of the motivational and semantic sphere of students (motivationalorganisational, emotional-volitional, intellectual-volitional, communicative) is the most optimal for a favourable transition to professional activity. Knowledge of the dynamic features of the motivational and semantic sphere of students in the process of studying at a university will increase the effectiveness of educational activities, create «internal conditions» for the qualitative assimilation of educational material and prepare students for professional activities. Personal characteristics of a professional are given. It is shown that effective results in professional activity are achieved by people whose content characteristics of the motivational and semantic sphere are developed at a fairly high level (on a 10-point rating scale at the level of 7-9 points): the problem of the subject of life activity is discussed. The subject of life activity is an integral individualpersonal-social structural formation that characterises the attitude to oneself, activities, and other people, determining the vector and quality of human development, the level of self-regulation and achievements in life.
The article shows that during the four-year primary school age, the dominant position of the components determining the motivational orientation of primary school age pupils is changing from intellectual-volitional to communicative and emotional-volitional. From the results of our research it follows that the transition period from primary school to early adolescence is a sensitive period for the formation of students' perspective attitude to future professional activities (first stage of career guidance). The article briefly presents the characteristics of primary school pupils with an active-positive and passive-positive attitude to learning activities, which vividly shows the attitude to themselves, other people, schooling.
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