PhD, Univ. Prof., Academician d Neurology residentIntroduction: Bruxism is a widespread condition, affecting up to 85-90% of the general population, and in 5% of these individuals, the grinding evolves into a clinical condition. In many cases, sleep bruxism is latent, the disorder may be identified by its consequences (dental wear, etc.). This ascertains the need to develop diagnostic methods that may be able to identify bruxism at the initial stages of the disorder. Aim of the study: to determine the peculiarities of the clinical manifestation of primary sleep bruxism (SB) based on the age of the patients. Methodology: One hundred patients with primary SB (70 patients aged between 18-35 and 30 patients aged between 35-50) were investigated. The clinical features of SB (algic syndrome, myogenic disorders, temporomandibular disorders, dental wear, psychoemotional disorders, sleep quality alterations) were also investigated. Results: The expression of emotional stress in patients of various ages was almost identical. The highest clenching frequency and duration, as well as a higher clinical expression of sleep bruxism was observed in patients under 35. The components of the algic syndrome show a varied expression for different age groups -patients under 35 had more severe disorders of the nocturnal episodes and myogenic-spastic events; older patients (35-50) were characterized by a prevalence of local and diffuse myogenic structural disorders, arthrogenic pain and severe sleep disturbances. Conclusion: Electromyography and ultrasonography can reveal important morphofunctional peculiarities of the masticatory muscles that are associated with the severity of SB in patients from different age groups.
Background The effects of smoking on the accumulation of dental plaque have not been studied in depth. We compared dental plaque quantitation obtained with a novel light induced fluorescence technology among current, former, and never smokers and verified measurements’ repeatability. Methods Dental plaque quantitation was objectively assessed by quantitative light induced fluorescence (QLF) technology on three separate study visits in current, former, and never smokers: baseline (day 0), day 7, day 30. Increase in the fluorescence intensity of at least 30% (ΔR30) and 120% (ΔR120) together with the simple oral hygiene (SOH) scoring were considered for analysis. Results The QLF parameters were highly repeatable in each study group (p < 0.0001, by regression analyses). All QLF parameters showed a significant difference between never smokers and current smokers (p = 0.041 for ΔR30; p = 0.027 for ΔR120; p = 0.04 for SOH). No significant differences were observed between never and former smokers and between current and former smokers except for ΔR120 (p = 0.033). Conclusion Dental plaque measurements by QLF technology were highly reproducible and showed greater plaque formation among current smokers compared to non-smokers. Objective and reproducible quantitation of dental plaque can be a valuable clinical and regulatory science endpoint to investigate the effect of smoking cessation medications, combustion-free tobacco products, and consumer care products on oral health. Clinical relevance There is a need to objectively evaluate the relationship between smoking and plaque build-up as well as maturation. Current smokers demonstrated greater and more mature plaque buildup when compared to never and former smokers. Differences in plaque build-up and maturation between current, former and non-smokers may be utilized as an effective tool for patient motivation, identifying therapeutic end-points, translational research as well as prognostication. Trial Registration The study is a pilot study parts of a larger project with registration ID: NCT04649645. As preliminary study, the pilot study referred into this paper started before the larger study registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.
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