A complete loss of supraspinal control was observed in all, with a reflex isolated spinal cord in all but one patient. We confirm that in most SCI subjects there is concordance between the impairment of sympathetic function and somatic impairment. To assess autonomic dysfunction, a battery of tests should include SSR, abdominal electrical stimulation and Valsalva maneuver, as they combine pressor stimuli above and below the lesion and assess both cholinergic and sudomotor pathways.
For research purposes on the integrity of the spinal sympathetic pathways, a battery of test approach is probably needed, using a combination of stimuli above and below the lesion, evaluating both cardiovascular and sudomotor pathways.
Key Clinical MessageGermline loss‐of‐function GNAS mutations are associated with multiple phenotypes, depending on the parental origin of the mutant allele. Here, we describe an infantile lethal form of atypical pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a or 1c with severe Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy phenotype, underlying the extremely variable expressivity of this syndrome.
gagement with "the real world" and thus ran the risk of being challenged. As such, she once again sought to develop a standpoint that avoided the pitfalls of both relativism and reductionism.
Circulating levels of glucose and particularly those of insulin are significantly lower in African mothers (Kivu, Zaire) nursing their infants than in non pregnant and non lactating women of the same area. Furthermore, the glycemia and the insulinemia increase relatively less after a glucose load in the breastfeeding mothers. The lack of glucose available to the mammary gland may explain the low volumes of milk produced by the lactating mothers in this region of Africa.
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