Mandates aside, there are many reasons why firms decide to move forward with or delay investment in RFID technology. In this paper we use a theoretically based, easy to implement methodology to empirically derive a relative importance scale of those factors that influence the decision to invest in RFID technology. More specifically, we compare the factors that matter most and least to a sample of firms that have adopted RFID technology with a sample of firms that have yet to embrace RFID technology. The theoretical and practical implications are that both RFID adopters and non adopters are driven by the promise of greater data accuracy, improved information visibility, service quality, process innovation, and track and trace capabilities. What separates the adopters from the non adopters is an opportunity to derive strategic benefits from RFID through improved decision making. Not surprisingly, the non adopting firms are primarily concerned with the high acquisition and other ongoing costs associated with RFID technology.
Microarrays have the potential to significantly impact our ability to identify toxic hazards by the identification of mechanistically relevant markers of toxicity. To be useful for risk assessment, however, microarray data must be challenged to determine reliability and interlaboratory reproducibility. As part of a series of studies conducted by the International Life Sciences Institute Health and Environmental Science Institute Technical Committee on the Application of Genomics to Mechanism-Based Risk Assessment, the biological response in rats to the hepatotoxin clofibrate was investigated. Animals were treated with high (250 mg/kg/day) or low (25 mg/kg/day) doses for 1, 3, or 7 days in two laboratories. Clinical chemistry parameters were measured, livers removed for histopathological assessment, and gene expression analysis was conducted using cDNA arrays. Expression changes in genes involved in fatty acid metabolism (e.g., acyl-CoA oxidase), cell proliferation (e.g., topoisomerase II-α), and fatty acid oxidation (e.g., cytochrome P450 4A1), consistent with the mechanism of clofibrate hepatotoxicity, were detected. Observed differences in gene expression levels correlated with the level of biological response induced in the two in vivo studies. Generally, there was a high level of concordance between the gene expression profiles generated from pooled and individual RNA samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm modulations for a number of peroxisome proliferator marker genes. Though the results indicate some variability in the quantitative nature of the microarray data, this appears due largely to differences in experimental and data analysis procedures used within each laboratory. In summary, this study demonstrates the potential for gene expression profiling to identify toxic hazards by the identification of mechanistically relevant markers of toxicity. of clofibrate are triggered through binding of the chemical to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), causing a pleiotropic response involving the induction of a number of proteins involved in fatty acid β-oxidation (Lapinskas and Corton 1999; Lindquist et al. 1998, for example). Clofibrate administered at a dose of 250 mg/kg/day to rats causes hepatic parenchymal cells to increase in size (Karbowski et al. 1999), induces peroxisomes, and produces liver tumors in 20-91% of chronically treated rats (Ashby et al. 1994;Doull et al. 1999;Hartig et al. 1982;Reddy and Qureshi 1979;Svoboda and Azarnoff 1979). This dose also decreases both basophilic material in the cytoplasm and vacuolation within 1 week, with maximal effects being observed at 2 weeks. For the purpose of the current study, 250 mg/kg/day was chosen as the high dose to induce peroxisome proliferation. The lower dose of 25 mg/kg/day was selected as one-tenth of the confirmed toxic dose.To help address the goals of the HWG, the aims of this study were a) to investigate whether the gene expression profiles observed after exposure to clofibrate c...
The purpose of this study was to identify teacher opinion of piano use, the amount of piano use, and current purposes for pianos in elementary general music classrooms. A geographically diverse sample of general music teachers (N = 189) completed a piano use survey. The data indicated that teachers felt piano was an important part of elementary music and that the piano should be used for accompaniment more than any other purpose. Pianos were most commonly used on a weekly basis. Teachers who began piano lessons at a younger age also tended to use more piano in their classrooms. Qualitative statements made about piano use were positive and enthusiastic. This study provides direction for future research in the investigation of relationships between amount of piano use and teacher variables, and the amount of a cappella singing in the elementary classroom.
This paper investigates the multi-million dollar decisions that organizations undertake when they decide to invest in ERP systems. The focus is on the recent decision made by a large manufacturing organization in Australia, to invest in ERP. Many issues surrounding ERP as a source of competitive advantage are brought to light and approaches to solving the complex investment problems are posed. Abstract-This paper investigates the multi-million dollar decisions that organizations undertake when they decide to invest in ERP systems. The focus is on the recent decision made by a large manufacturing organization in Australia, to invest in ERP. Many issues surrounding ERP as a source of competitive advantage are brought to light and approaches to solving the complex investment problems are posed. Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study was a preliminary investigation of pitch-matching accuracy under two conditions: a cappella and accompanied singing of a standard song. Two classes of second-grade children (N = 26) were taught "America" on a neutral syllable ("loo"), one class learning it a cappella and the other with piano accompaniment. They rehearsed the song during three class sessions and then were recorded singing a cappella and accompanied (taped piano music via headphones). The first nine pitches of the song were utilized for the study. The recordings were analyzed perceptually for pitch accuracy by three judges and acoustically through the Multispeech software program. Results indicated that inaccurate singing occurred 70% of the time when evaluated by the judges and 80% of the time when analyzed acoustically. There was no significant difference in accuracy among the nine pitches of the song. When singing conditions were compared, the perceptual analysis suggested a significant difference in singing accuracy under the a cappella condition; acoustical analysis did not demonstrate this difference.
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