SummaryDioctophymosis is a parasitic disease occasioned by the so-called "giant kidney worm", Dioctophyme renale, a nematode with an indirect life cycle. This parasite's definitive host is the mink, Mustela vison, though numerous wild and domestic mammals as well 1 as man can serve as final hosts. The worms also can be in ectopic locations in the body.We surveyed 692 canines by ecography, urine sampling, surgery, necropsy, and clinical examination and diagnosed 244 cases of dioctophymosis (35.3%). Of the cases of dioctophymosis identified, 30.7% were obtained by ecography, 45.9% by urinalysis, and 17.6% by both those techniques -in addition to positive findings through surgery (2.5%), necropsy (2.5%), and the spontaneous elimination of the parasites (0.8%). Cases of dioctophymosis were observed in animals as young as 4 months of age up to 15 years.The frequency of D. renale diagnosis throughout the sampling period varied significantly. There was a statistically significant association between risk factors (swimming in the river, eating frogs, fish or eels, drinking ditch water) and the prevalence of infection. It was discussed the period missing after infection in canines.
The potential role of dogs as reservoirs of zoonotic infections is one of the major public health problems. Water emergency areas are generally vulnerable zones with a lack of care from the owners who do not have the basic sanitary service conditions. Canines often feed on waste detecting coprophagia of human faeces facilitated by the final disposal of excreta in open-air defecation. The objective of this research was to determine the presence of intestinal parasitoses in canines from a sanitary risk area inhabited by a vulnerable human population. Dog faeces were collected by an enema with a soapy solution and processed by the Telemann’s sedimentation technique as well as the Sheather’s flotation procedure besides a direct examination. A number of 703 (79.3%) analyzed canine faeces were parasitized from a total of 886. Ancylostoma caninum (57%), Toxocara canis (24%) and Uncinaria stenocephala (21%) were the most frequent species. The specific richness in the canine population was 17 species. The highest parasitosis frequency was observed among male canines and those under one-year aged for the total parasitized ones with T. canis, Cistoisospora canis, C. ohioensis, and Giardia spp. High prevalences found in canines from the present study could indicate that both diagnosis and treatment are not enough to achieve sustainable changes in vulnerable areas. Actions addressed to the environmental factor are essentials in order to avoid reinfections.
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