We performed positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]deuterium-deprenyl in 9 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) undergoing evaluation for possible epilepsy surgery. Seven patients had unilateral and 2 had bilateral mesiotemporal epileptic foci based on the preoperative investigation including ictal EEG discharges and PET with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG). Deprenyl is an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) with a very high affinity for the enzyme. In the brain, MAO-B is preferentially located in astrocytes, and a previous in vitro study showed increased binding of the ligand in sclerotic hippocampi. Dynamically acquired N-[methyl-11C]-a,a-di-deutero-L-deprenyl distribution in PET images were analyzed graphically, and the focus regions were assessed visually on the PET images. In addition, the accumulation rate and distribution volume of the tracer relative to the cerebellar cortex were measured in standardized homologous temporal regions by semiquantitative methods. Uptake of [11C]deuterium-deprenyl was significantly increased in the epileptogenic temporal lobes, both apparently and semiquantitatively. By calculating mean interlobar ratios, we identified the temporal lobe containing the epileptic focus in six unilateral cases. One case was ambiguous but was not falsely localized. The two bilateral cases were correctly identified as such. Our results suggest that PET with [11C]deuterium-deprenyl might be a useful method for identification of epileptogenic temporal lobes.

In economics literature, a number of authors emphasize the need to study both domestic and foreign enterprises in order to properly grasp the effect of foreign direct investment on the local economy. Differences between foreign and domestic enterprises stem from the fact that multinational enterprises operate in a global network extending into many countries, which most certainly exerts influence on all aspects of their production activity. This paper presents a comparative analysis of performance of domestic and three types of foreign enterprises in Hungary. Total-factor pro- ductivity, factor intensity, wages, export intensity, profitability, as well as the effective rate of tax are examined by the combined tools of comparison, regression analysis and Wilcoxon test for data of the whole economy of Hungary. While foreign firms are found to contribute to the revitalization of the economy as far as capital intensity, productivity, export performance and level of wages are concerned, they do not yet seem to produce profitably.

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