(año 2011), se elaboró una propuesta de currículo inicial, basado en los dominios propuestos por la Unión Europea (Schulte AG y cols). Durante el año 2016, dicha propuesta fue analizada mediante diálogos digitales y grupos de trabajo, con la participación del 96% de las Escuelas de Odontología existentes en el país, que concluyeron en un documento intermedio. Este documento fue analizado, discutido y perfeccionado durante el Taller para el Desarrollo de un Currículo de Competencias Mínimas en Cariología para las Escuelas de Odontología Chilenas (22/Mayo/

No abstract

El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es una alteración del neurodesarollo que afecta las áreas de comunicación social y conducta, las cuales se manifiestan de manera heterogénea en cada niño y con una amplia gama de niveles de funcionalidad. En la última década se han hecho avances significativos en la detección temprana de señales de riesgo, favoreciendo la realización de diagnósticos precoz. Esto ha permitido el acceso a intervenciones que capitalizan la neuroplasticidad de esta etapa del desarrollo, planteando la posibilidad de mitigar la completa manifestación del trastorno. Los objetivos de esta actualización son revisar herramientas de diagnóstico precoz y modelos de intervención temprana, y analizar cómo implementar intervenciones basadas en la evidencia en un contexto sanitario de un país como Chile.

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children.DesignOverview of systematic reviews (SRs).ParticipantsChildren aged 12 years and under with ASD.Search methodsIn October 2021, we searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Epistemonikos placing no restrictions on language or date of publication.Interventions17 non-pharmacological interventions compared with placebo, no-treatment (including waiting list) or other interventions (ie, usual care, as defined by the authors of each study).Data collection and analysisWe rated the methodological quality of the included SRs using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). We reported the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) certainty of the evidence (CoE) according to the analysis conducted by the authors of the included SRs.Main outcome measuresA multidisciplinary group of experts agreed on analysing nine critical outcomes evolving core and non-core ASD symptoms.Public and patient involvement statementOrganisations of parents of children with ASD participated in external revision of the final version of the report.ResultsWe identified 52 reports that were within our scope, of which 48 were excluded for various reasons. After excluding less reliable SRs, we included four SRs. Non-pharmacological interventions (ie, Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention, Applied Behaviour Analysis, Picture Exchange Communication System and Naturalistic Developmental Behavioural Interventions) may have favourable effects on some core outcomes including language, social and functioning, play or daily living skills in children with ASD (with either no GRADE assessment, very low or low CoE). In addition, we identified a lack of report for other key outcomes in the included SRs (ie, restricted, repetitive behaviour; play and sensory processing).ConclusionsSynthesised evidence regarding the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for children with ASD is scarce. High-quality SRs addressing the variety of both non-pharmacological interventions and relevant outcomes are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020206535.

ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness and safety of risperidone and aripiprazole in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Design and settingOverview of systematic reviews (SRs).Search methodsIn October 2021, we searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and Epistemonikos placing no restrictions on language or date of publication.ParticipantsChildren aged 12 years or less with ASD.InterventionsRisperidone and aripiprazole with no dosage restrictions.Data collection and analysisWe rated the methodological quality of the included SRs using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). We reported the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty of the evidence according to the analysis conducted by the authors of the included SRs.Main outcomes measuredA multidisciplinary group of experts agreed on analysing nine critical outcomes evolving core and non-core ASD symptoms.Patient and public involvementOrganisations of parents of children with ASD were involved during part of the process, participating in external revision of the final version of the report for the Chilean Ministry of Health with no additional comments (ID 757-22-L120 DIPRECE, Ministry of Health, Chile). The organisations involved were: Fundación Unión Autismo y Neurodiversidad, Federación Nacional de Autismo, Vocería Autismo del Sur, and Vocería Autismo del Norte.ResultsWe identified 22 SRs within the scope of this overview, of which 16 were of critically low confidence according to AMSTAR 2 and were excluded from the analysis. Both aripiprazole and risperidone were effective for reducing autism symptoms severity, repetitive behaviours, inappropriate language, social withdrawal and behavioural problems compared with placebo. The certainty of the evidence for most outcomes was moderate. Risperidone and aripiprazole are associated with metabolic and neurological adverse events. Follow-up was short termed.ConclusionsWe found that aripiprazole and risperidone probably reduce symptom severity at short-term follow-up but may also cause adverse events. High-quality and updated SRs and larger randomised controlled trials with longer term follow-up are needed on this topic.Overview protocolPROSPERO CRD42020206535.

Latina women living in the USA experience disproportionately higher rates of psychological distress compared to their non-Latina White counterparts. Poor maternal mental health during pregnancy can contribute to intergenerational mental health disparities. Through this pathway, mothers’ experiences, environments, and exposures (henceforth “exposures”) during pregnancy become biologically embodied and can negatively affect the fetus and life-long developmental trajectories of her child. One of the exposures that can affect mother–offspring dyads is the neighborhood. With the goal of integrating anthropological and sociological theories to explain mental health disparities among pregnant Latina women, we explored how perceptions of neighbor attitudes may influence mental health during pregnancy. We analyzed self-reported responses from 239 pregnant Latina women in Southern California (131 foreign-born, 108 US-born) on their mental health and perceived attitudes of their neighbors using multiple linear regression models. Among foreign-born Latina women, living in neighborhoods with more favorable views of Latinos was associated with lower depression scores (pooled β =  − .70, SE = .29, p = .019) and lower pregnancy-related anxiety scores (pooled β =  − .11, SE = .05, p = .021), but greater state anxiety scores (pooled β = .09, SE = .04, p = .021). Among US-born women, there were no associations between neighbor attitudes and mental health. Overall, results suggest that social environments are correlated with mental health and that foreign-born and US-born Latinas have varied mental health experiences in the USA. Our findings highlight the importance of improving aspects of neighborhood cohesion as part of maternal–fetal care management.

No abstract

No abstract