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Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden produces good quality cellulose pulp, showing good frost tolerance. However, in Uruguay, it needs more than six years to reach the reproductive stage. Genome duplication was proposed as a strategy to obtain useful variability. The application of mitosis inhibitors for chromosomal duplication, in explants growing in vitro, was evaluated. Two antimitotic agents were used: colchicine and oryzalin in different concentrations and exposure times, in two types of explants: explants growing in vitro and pre-germinated seeds. The number of chloroplasts was used as a rapid ploidy estimator and confirmed by flow cytometry. For chloroplast count, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) applied to in vitro leaves was used for staining. Oryzalin was effective for inducing plant duplication in E. dunnii from in vitro explants. In pre-germinated seeds, both antimitotic agents induced polyploids. The average number of chloroplasts was 5.5 in diploid control plants and more than 7 in tetraploids. Obtained plantlets were successfully cloned in the greenhouse. This is the first report on artificial polyploidy obtained in E. dunnii.

Level III, comparative series.

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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: There are two concepts that tried to explain the etiology of metatarsalgia in hallux valgus patients: First, the one that states that as the magnitude of hallux valgus increases, there is a mechanical overload of the lesser metatarsals. Second, that an increased relative lesser metatarsal length is a factor in the development of metatarsalgia. However there is no current evidence that these facts predisposes for primary metatarsalgia. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the factors associated with metatarsalgia in hallux valgus patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 121 consecutive adult patients with non-arthritic hallux valgus was carried out. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify the effect of the clinical and demographic factors on the occurrence of metatarsalgia. Results: One hundred twenty one patients (184 feet) with hallux valgus were analyzed. The median weight was 65 Kg (IQR 58 – 72). Metatarsalgia was present in 84 (45.6%) feet. The binary logistic regression showed that lesser toe deformity (OR 2.6 IC95% 0.2-0.5), gastrocnemius shortening (OR 5.8 IC95% 2.8-12.3), metatarsal index (OR 0.3 IC95% 0.2-0.5) and weight (OR 2.5 IC95% 1.2-5.3) were significantly associated. Conclusion: Metatarsalgia occurs in almost a half of hallux valgus patients. It has a multifactorial etiology. Our finding questions the common theory that both the magnitude of hallux valgus deformity and an increased length of a lesser metatarsal by themselves, predisposes for primary metatarsalgia. Metatarsalgia was associated with Achilles shortening, excessive weight and associated lesser toe deformity. These factors should be addressed in order to treat this disorder adequately.

Recommendation: Though one study supporting topically applied vancomycin has shown it to reduce the rate of deep infection in diabetic patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery, there is insufficient evidence to show benefits or to show any risks associated with the use of vancomycin powder during total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) or other foot and ankle procedures in a general population. Level of Evidence: Consensus. Delegate Vote: Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)