Este artigo objetiva apresentar a importância de dois instrumentos de preservação do patrimônio arquitetônico moderno: o Plano de Conservação e o Manual de Uso, Operação e Manutenção desenvolvidos para as fachadas do Edifício Copan, mas que podem inspirar documentos similares para outros edifícios de arquitetura moderna. Se ambos instrumentos fossem exigidos pelos órgãos responsáveis pela preservação patrimonial, poderiam auxiliar os gestores e proprietários a cuidar do bem tombado de forma adequada e consciente, sem alterar as características arquitetônicas do imóvel, proporcionando durabilidade aos seus subsistemas construtivos.
The architecture built by the Modern Movement-innovative both in shape and materials-aged without the application of the preservation concepts so in vogue today and, thus, a large number of examples are observed in degradation, requiring immediate intervention. Among these is the Copan building, which is socially and officially recognized as an architectural heritage, designed by Oscar Niemeyer in the beginning of the 1950s and made into a listed building by CONPRESP-Municipal Council for the Preservation of Historical, Cultural and Environmental Heritage of the City of São Paulo in 2012. During the years its iconic facades suffered from the actions of bad weather and the lack of maintenance, requiring their restoration, because they showed advanced state of degradation. In this context, emphasis is laid on the importance of planning that contemplates preventive maintenance action, from the perspective of the conservation of the patrimony, in order to mitigate the natural deterioration of its elements and components, mitigating the need for replacements. Therefore, this work proposes two instruments of protection for the facades of Copan: Conservation Plan and the Use, Operation and Maintenance Manual. The first presents the cultural values attributed to the patrimony, the hierarchization of the representative elements and the policies, highlighting what should be conserved. While the manual describes the maintenance actions, periodicity and records of actions performed, showing how to preserve. The methodology applied consists of the international and national bibliography related to the subject and of the survey and analysis of technical information of the Copan Building, which results in the documentation of the design transformations, and during construction, the architectural features through the execution of as built, of the original components and the specifications for restoration. It is concluded that the major problem of the conservation of modern heritage is the fact that it is considered different from secular buildings, because the short temporal distance leads to a propensity for corrective interventions that are not according to the principles of restoration and values within the scope of historical heritage. It is expected that the instruments proposed become documental requirements in the scope of historical and architectural heritage, also aimed at raising awareness regarding the importance of preventive maintenance and the prevalence of preservation over restoration in modern architecture.
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