The study area is located across the Chianti Ridge (Tuscany, Italy), between the Upper Valdarno Basin and the Siena Basin. This area covers about 25 km 2 , forming a narrow belt oriented N -S and drained by the Ambra and Ombrone creeks, which flow northward and southward, respectively. Field mapping was carried out at 1:10,000 scale through an allostratigraphic-sedimentological approach. The study area deposits represent the infill of a SW-draining paleovalley, cut both in pre-Neogene bedrock and marine Pliocene deposits of the Siena Basin. The valley-fill succession consists of two main allounits (V1 and V2), which are conformably stacked in the northern sector of the study area, and unconformably offset in the southern sector. V1 comprises gravelly to sandy fluvial deposits, whereas V2 deposits show noticeable downvalley variability. V2 consists of poorly drained floodplain deposits in the northern sector of the paleovalley, whereas gravel and sand-bed river deposits fill its southern part. Alluvial-fan and palustrine deposits are also associated with V2 fluvial facies. A normal fault trending NW-SE is the main structural feature of the area. This fault cuts the V2 unit lowering the upstream reach and is thought to have promoted the marked facies changes observed in the fluvial deposits of unit V2.
In the Surat Basin of eastern Australia, the Lower Jurassic Precipice Sandstone and 2 Evergreen Formation are a highly prospective reservoir-seal pair for notional future carbon 3 capture and storage. However, the succession remains poorly constrained from a paleo-4 depositional standpoint and this has impacted the capacity to construct predictive reservoir 5 models. Here we integrate sedimentological, ichnological, and palynological data from ten cores 6 located across a large region of the northern and central basin to produce conceptual 7 depositional models.8 Our analysis shows that the Lower Jurassic Series consists of fifteen recurring sedimentary 9 facies that are arranged into six facies associations -braidplain, lower delta plain, subaqueous 10 delta, delta-influenced shoreface, tidally influenced shoreline, and restricted marine shoals. The 11 facies associations occur in the context of a large scale fluvio-deltaic system that developed 12 within the basin. These results are supported by ichnological indications of marine and brackish 13 water, and a coastal suite of palynomorphs including rare dinocysts, acritarchs, and copepod 14 fragments. The very low abundance of marine palynomorphs are confined to the upper portion 15 of the Evergreen Formation, and in combination with sedimentological and ichnological results
16suggest that marine influence increased through time.
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