Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського» мОВнІ Та пОзамОВнІ ОСОблиВОСТІ функцІОнуВання кОмІчнОгО ДиСкурСу анотація. Стаття присвячена лінгвістичним та екстралінгвістичним особливостям притаманним англомовному комічному дискурсу. Зважаючи на специфіку англомовного гумористичного виду дискурсу та дослідження, які вже було проведено навколо цього явища, у запропонованій роботі було систематизовано та висвітлено головні мовні та позамовні чинники комічного дискурсу на матеріалі кінематографу, зокрема було проаналізовано комічні ситуації американського телесеріалу «Друзі». Під час аналізу було визначено головні лінгвістичні особливості, які сприяють утворенню комічних ситуацій та їхньому чіткому розумінню глядачем. У статті розглянуто мовні (лексичні, морфологічні та синтаксичні) й позамовні (жести, міміка) особливості комічного. Під час аналізу було з'ясовано, що мовні чинники переважають над позамовними, оскільки їх легше сприймати та розуміти. ключові слова: дискурс, гумор, мовні та позамовні особливості, комічне, жарт.
The article is devoted to the analysis of communicative strategies and tactics of realization of pragmatic effect using humorous statements in English-language public political speech. Both verbal and non-verbal means of expressing humor are used to increase the impact on the audience. Expressive language means, in particular vocabulary aimed at humiliation and insult of the addressee, play an important role in the speech of politicians. Humor allows to manage the situation in political communication, creating a situation of misunderstanding, deliberately contributing to the wrong statement of the opponent, provoking an undesirable reaction of the audience. Communicative strategies in public speeches are common among political representatives when presenting their election campaign and delivering campaign speeches. This is due to the desire to influence society, the plans, values and consciousness of the audience, involving various techniques of manipulation. According to communicative situation speakers use certain type of strategies to achieve some goals in communication more efficient. Every strategy is realized in speech through communicative tactics, which implement various language techniques aimed to change opinions of the addressee about politicians. The most common strategy is aims to reduce the importance of a political opponent., embodying the implicit or explicit expression of a negative attitude towards the situation or person. Less common strategy used by politicians is focused on creating the opposite effect, when the manipulator gets the sympathy of the recipient through the creation of a positive image. The most expressive strategy is to give speeches vigor and spectacularness. Sarcasm is one of the means to express communicative tactic implicitly to achieve manipulative influence. The most effective tactics used by politicians are accusations, condemnation, insults, distancing, presentations, ‘friend or foe’ differentiations, appeal to emotions. The article includes detailed analysis of strategies and tactics that form the basis of pragmatic political speech in the examples of English public discourse.
The article is devoted to current problems of lexical innovations functioning in modern English-language Internet discourse. Stylistic features of English-language Internet discourse are characterized. It is noted that the language of English-language Internet discourse has certain features and directions for certain categories of speakers and recipients. In the course of the analysis of the English-language Internet discourse, a direct relationship between the degree of complexity of the selected language tools and socio-cultural specific features of the target audience is proved. The ability of a language to learn neologisms can be qualified as its advantage, not weakness: as a result of lexical renewal, the language system is provided with additional opportunities and incentives for their own development. The latest concepts are further developed in culture, which is reflected in the derived names. For each lexical innovation in the structure of language there is a structure of knowledge and experience gained in a particular field of activity relevant to a particular culture. The concept of neologisms and their typology are considered. It is noted that there are different parameters for defining the term "neology": the process of creating new lexical units is built in accordance with the usual mechanisms of the creative process in language development; theoretical and applied research of creation of lexical units, ways of word formation, criteria of recognition, acceptance and distribution of neologisms, sociocultural aspects of neology; systematically organized activities of institutes for accounting, creation, recording, dissemination and introduction of neologisms into a clear framework of language policy; the task of establishing new terminology systems and newly created industries that have gaps in terminology and require its implementation; lexicographic system of relations with dictionaries is based on two aspects: the use of the dictionary as a filtering tool for the recognition of neologisms and analysis of their processing within dictionaries. The functionality of neologisms within the English-language Internet discourse is considered. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that neologisms are quite common in Internet discourse. Lexical innovations of Internet discourse are characterized by significant variability of form and instability of meanings; only time will tell which of them will complete the basic English vocabulary and which will be rejected.
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