The article analyzes the level of development of educational systems in Eastern European countries by using empirical data from international comparative studies. The tools of comparative analysis are used to group the studied publications, which directly or indirectly consider an educational system at the level of different countries and regions of the world. The newest western approaches to the issue of educational systems are represented. The unsurpassed value of multi-object international comparative research in the study of educational systems of the world enabling the analysis of the phenomenon at the interdisciplinary level is emphasized. The author's definition of “international comparative research” is formulated based on modern scientific studies, which is interpreted as a special type of research, which purpose is to conduct multilevel analysis to compare macro-objects, based on subjective empirical data. Emphasis is done on the lack of a unified terminological apparatus of the studied issue in modern science, which indicates the availability of the following definitive plurality: “comparative studies”, “international issues”, “cross-cultural studies”, and “international comparative studies”. The analysis of the level of development of educational systems of Eastern European countries is based on a comparison of official statistical materials of the World Bank. The processed statistical materials are correlated with the results of descriptive statistics during the testing of statistical hypotheses. Subject analysis of educational systems in Eastern Europe is based on a comparison of empirical data on three criteria – international educational projects, the highest educational results (“S.A.B.E.R”), and the amount of external funding for the educational branch.
The article deals with the specifics of supervisory support for practical training of social workers in Poland. The international relevance of the research lies in the need to study the experience of implementing such support in the countries with relatively young democracies (post-Soviet republics). This experience can be useful for developing countries which strive to create their models of social supervision using the leading European experience. The article proves that supervisors, individually creating their professional roles in social care centers and non-governmental organizations, create the basis for a new professional environment - the environment of social work managers in Poland. According to the results of the research, the tendencies of supervisory support of the departments of social work on the practical training of social workers in Poland are traced: compliance with the pan-European orientation to the early special training of all social specialists; bilateral connection between the development of the scientific school of social work and the system of professional training; training of a social worker in church educational institutions; decentralization of vocational training management; rapid response of the system to changes in the social nature, the demands of the regional labor market. The article reveals the disadvantages of the Polish model of supervisory support, which has not yet adjusted to the final Western European trends and is on the path to development.
A nation cannot exist without national culture and national self-consciousness. These concepts are decisive in the development of the nation. Values are the priorities of any nation, determined by its culture and self-awareness. The national cool is the basis for the formation and development of national self-consciousness. The aim is to analyze the influence of national culture on the formation of national consciousness. Justify their objective and subjective factors of formation, which are based on the motivational core of personality behavior. National culture and national self-consciousness are the main features of a nation, without which it cannot exist and develop as a whole. National culture and national self-consciousness are one whole of the spiritual world of nations and nationalities. The development of national culture and national self-consciousness is an objective regularity. Naturally, contradictions in this process will exist and demand their resolution or escalate into conflicts. With a timely solution, they will play the role of an indicator of national development.
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