The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of juice extracted from seven samples of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) collected in different areas of Reggio Calabria Province were investigated. The ascorbic acid, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents were determined. Total flavonoids and polyphenols were analyzed by ultraviolet spectra, while flavanone content was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of the fractions was assessed using three representative assays: 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical quenching and β-carotene bleaching test. The main flavanones were naringin, neohesperedin, and neoeriocitrin, and their average content 242.4 ± 1.8, 183.0 ± 0.6, and 247.0 ± 1.4 mg mL-1 , respectively. The results showed that bergamot juice possessed a good quality and a valuable source of health promoting constituents. In fact it contained eriocitrin, naringin, neoeriocitrin, and neohesperedin, which may contribute differentially to the antioxidant capacity.
Effect of summer pruning on some fruit quality traits in Hayward kiwifruit.Abstract -Introduction. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of various levels of light availability in the fruit microenvironment (induced by summer pruning) on some fruit quality traits. Materials and methods. Two levels of summer pruning were set: removal of either 30% or 60% of the canopy leaf area. These treatments were compared with the control (unpruned vines). Two canopy layers (upper and lower) were identified in each treatment and in the control vines. At harvest, yield per cane and per shoot was recorded in the two canopy layers; fruit fresh weight, flesh firmness, total soluble solid content and total titratable acidity were measured. Fruit Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Total Polyphenols (TPH) were determined at kiwifruit harvest and post-harvest (60 days after storage at 1°C) in relation to their position within the canopy (layer) and to the pruning treatment applied. Results. Removing 60% of the canopy leaf area induced higher titratable acidity and flesh firmness of kiwifruits at harvest; it reduced fruit weight and crop yield, but increased TAC and TPH compared with kiwifruits of control. Removing 30% leaf area did not reduce mean fruit weight and crop yield; it increased TAC and TPH at harvest by 20%. Post-harvest TAC and TPH evolution did not differ among treatments. Discussion and conclusion. Pergola-trained kiwifruit vines showed good performances in terms of crop yield and fruit quality when summer pruning reduced the Leaf Area Index (LAI) to 3. More intense pruning resulted in a significant increase in fruit TAC, but reduced fruit weight and crop yield, and delayed softening of pulp.Italy / Actinidia deliciosa / cultivation / defoliation / leaf area index / fruits / quality / antioxidants / polyphenols Effet de la taille d'été sur certains caractères composant la qualité de kiwis de la variété Hayward.Résumé -Introduction. Le but de notre étude a été d'analyser les effets, sur certains caractères de la qualité des kiwis, de différents niveaux de disponibilité de la lumière dans le microenvironnement des fruits. Ces différents niveaux de disponibilité de la lumière ont été induits par une taille d'été plus ou moins sévère. Matériel et méthodes. Deux niveaux de taille d'été ont été appliqués : la suppression de soit 30 %, soit 60 % de la surface foliaire de la canopée. Ces traitements ont été comparés avec un traitement témoin de lianes non taillées. Deux couches de la canopée (supérieure et inférieure) ont été distinguées pour chacun des deux traitements et pour les lianes témoins. A la récolte, le rendement par canne et par tige a été enregistré pour chacune de ces deux couches de la canopée ; le poids frais des fruits, la fermeté de la pulpe, la teneur totale en solides solubles et l'acidité titrable totale ont été mesurés. La capacité antioxydante totale (CAT) et les polyphénols totaux (PHT) du fruit ont été déterminés à la récolte des kiwis et après 60 jours de stockage à 1°C ; ces paramètres ont ...
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