Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has posed enormous challenges and has become a burden of morbidity and mortality while severely disrupting economic activities around the world. Vaccines for the disease has been discovered; however, there exists misconceptions and mistrusts among health workers which may constitute barriers to Covid-19 uptake. Aim: The study aimed to determine the knowledge and acceptability of the Covid-19 vaccine among health care provider and to determine the association between the socio-demographic variables and Covid-19 acceptability. Study Design: A snowball sampling technique was relied upon in the distribution of the questionnaires. Place and Duration: Online questionnaires sent in the form of a link through social media outlets such as Whatsapp, Facebook and emails within four weeks interval. Methodology: Health care providers in Nigeria aged 18 years and above participated in this study.The analysis was performed using the Statistical Software Package SPSS version 22.0.Four hundred and forty-five respondents filled the questionnaire from the six geopolitical zones of the country. Results: There was a good knowledge of the Covid-19 vaccination as 411(92.4%) knew about the vaccine. However, only 53.5% of respondents were willing to get vaccinated against the disease. The most identified perceived barrier to covid-19 vaccine acceptance was fear of side effects 309 (69.4%) and there was no association between socio-demographic characteristics and covid-19 vaccine acceptability. Conclusion: Healthcare providers recommendation and confidence in a vaccine plays an influential role in their patients’ vaccination behaviour. They serve as an important source of information for the general populace and their consultation can also be a key factor in patients’ decision to get vaccinated or not.

Introduction: In middle and low income regions of the world, there are approximately 90% of cervical cancer deaths. Factors contributing to the striking disproportionate cancer burden in the developing countries as opposed to the developed countries may include lack of effective large scale preventive interventions such as Cytology based screening programs, Visual Inspection with acetic acid (VIA) that emphasize patient education, accessible diagnostic treatment centres and established vaccination programs especially among Most at risk populations like female sex workers (FSWs). Methodology: The study was conducted in Calabar, South-Southern Nigeria. Calabar is a port city near the Cameroon border. This is a cross sectional retrospective study among 124 Human Immune Virus (HIV)Positive female sex workers receiving ART services, in which secondary data was obtained from the Clinic Data repository for a periodspanning from October 2018- October 2019. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Result: 36.30% of the respondents are between the ages of 21-30 years, 78.20% had 0-4 sexual partners, and 76.60% of the respondents use condom. 89.50% were virally suppressed while 3.20% of the study population tested positive to cervical cancer. In the regression analysis, there were non-significant negative correlation linking Age, Parity groups and viral suppression to cervical cancer, and a positive non-significant correlation linking sex partners, smoking, previous STI and educational status to cervical cancer. However, a positive significant correlation was noted between family planning method and risk of cervical cancer. Conclusion: HIV-positive Nigerian FSWs are at marginally increased risk for cervical pre-cancer and cancer. The ‘screen and treat approach’ using VIA had been shown to be effective for the detection of cervical pre-cancer and cancer, and has shown to reduce loss to follow-up. This should be rapidly incorporated into HIV-treatment programs in resource-constraint settings.

Background: Gender-Based Violence (GBV) entails fundamental violation of human rights and a violence that occurs due to normative role expectations attributable to one’s gender. It also includes all activities that facilitate an unbalanced power distribution between genders. These acts are likely to result in physical, sexual or emotional suffering which is usually meted out directly or indirectly through deceit, seduction, threat, coercion or any other means on the victim with the aim of intimidating, punishing or humiliating them.Methodology: The study was carried out in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States, South-South Region of Nigeria. A community-based cross sectional and descriptive approach was used, incorporating qualitative and quantitative techniques. A total number of 426 copies of the questionnaire were administered to respondents by the research team. Analysis was performed on the received data from the questionnaires, using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS).Results and Discussion: Majority of the respondents 343(83.1%) have heard about gender-based violence, with Radio/TV 214(51.8%) being the highest source of information. A greater population, 325(78.7%) accepted that maltreatment to a person on the basis of gender which can cause harm to him or her describes gender-based violence. The study further showed that 72.9% young adults could identify the various forms of gender-based violence. Analysis of responses revealed that 198(47.9%) young adults in the study area have experienced at least, one form of gender-based violence in their lifetime. Further analysis showed that physical violence 140(33.9%) and sexual violence 108(26.2%) were the most reported forms of gender-based violence experienced by respondents.Conclusion: The study showed a moderate knowledge of gender-based violence among young adults, since 72.9% could clearly describe the subject matter. Despite this good knowledge, there was a high 47.9% occurrence of gender-based violence in the study area which showed no statistically significant relationship when tested.

Vaccines found to be highly effective will enable uptake than those with low effectiveness. Health care providers in Nigeria aged 18 years and above participated in this study. The study was conducted to assess the enablers and perceived risks of Covid-19 vaccination among healthcare providers in Nigeria. A snowball sampling technique was relied upon in the distribution of the online questionnaires sent in the form of a link through social media outlets such as Whatsapp, Face book and emails within four weeks interval. The analysis was performed using the Statistical Software Package SPSS version 22.0.Four Hundred and forty-five respondents filled the questionnaire from the six geopolitical zones of the country. It was observed that safety of the vaccine, proven efficacy and good knowledge of the vaccine were enablers to the Covid-19 vaccine uptake. This finding shows that a higher proportion of health care providers was in support of the covid-19 vaccine under the presumption that the vaccine was proven effective. 243(54.6%) perceived that a clinical sequalae may result later after they take the Covid-19 vaccine, 207(46.5%) perceived that the clinical trial of the Covid-19 vaccine was inadequate and 187(42.0%) perceived that a new virus strain may emerge and therefore, bring about another vaccine. In addition, 180(40.4%) respondents perceived that the Covid-19 vaccine might worsen their co-morbidities and 61(13.7%) showed concerns as they think the Covid-19 vaccine may affect their immune systems and make them more susceptible to new viral strains. Proven vaccine safety, proven efficacy and good knowledge were identified as enablers of the covid-19 vaccine while clinical sequalae and inadequate trials were noted as the perceived risks of covid-19 vaccine uptake among health care providers.