A rapid development of Internet technologies creates new opportunities for e-commerce, which is one of the fastest-growing segments of the entire economy. For policymakers, the most important aspects of e-commerce are related to the cost reduction in transportation, facilitation of administration and communication, innovations at the market level, and environmental issues. An unavoidable part of the e-commerce production process is related to the postal service. New market expectations of modern society lead to the consideration of upgrading the traditional express delivery service in terms of time availability. In this paper, we propose a new 24-h availability of postal and courier service so-called “post express nonstop”. To assess the potential demand for this kind of service, we propose a forecasting procedure based on the Bass diffusion model. In particular, the research is directed toward the examination of environmental issues, considering both types of services—traditional and the proposed new one. A comparison is done by analyzing CO2 emissions in the last-mile delivery of goods to the users’ addresses. The experiment was carried out in the city of Belgrade, simulating the last-mile delivery under realistic conditions and controlling the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. In accordance with the results of this experiment and the forecasted number of postal items, a projection of CO2 emissions for the new service from 2020 to 2025 was carried out. The results show a significant contribution of the proposed new express delivery service to environmental well-being and sustainability.
Tobacco stalks are an under-utilized material that remains after the harvest of leaves. Given the share of large leaf tobacco in total production in Serbia (more than 85%) stalks could be easily available as well as payable raw material in the fabrication of cellulose. The aim of this study was to determine cellulose content in leaves and more importantly in stalks of large leaf tobacco and to provide necessary data to processors engaged in processing of biomass. Stalks and leaves of two types of tobacco, Burley and Virginia, reared in Srem, were used as experimental material samples. Two parallel methods were applied for determining cellulose content: method by Kürschner-Hanack and method by Updegraff. It can be concluded that both methods are applicable to tobacco, but the method by Kürschner-Hanack was found to be simpler, more convenient, faster and economically more cost-effective. Thus, it should be recommended for use. Results showed that stalks of large leaf tobacco contain on average 30.50% to 34.30% of cellulose. There was no statistically significant difference in the cellulose content between the two applied methods. Given the number of plants that lag behind in fields after harvesting leaves, 28,000 tons of cellulose could be used
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of three main tobacco types (flue-cured FC, air-cured AC and sun-cured SC) and two tobacco-based materials (reconstituted tobacco - recon RT and expanded stem) on the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) in the gas phase of mainstream cigarette smoke. The results showed that the type of tobacco examined had a significant impact on the amount of carbon monoxide production in the gas phase of cigarette smoke. AC and SC tobaccos had the most evident impact. The amount of tobacco in mixtures M1, M2 and M3 as well as the addition of expanded stems had an impact on the amount of CO formed in the cigarette smoke. There is weak correlation between CO content in the smoke and the chemical composition of the tobacco. Draw resistance had an impact on CO production. The research results are of great importance, since tobacco selection is the first step in the production of cigarettes with reduced emission of harmful elements contained in the smoke.
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