Recibido: 4 de abril del 2015 Aprobado: 7 de mayo del 2015Cómo citar este artículo: López-Fletes, C., Chávez-Dagostino, R., Davydova-Belitskaya, V. y Cornejo-Ortega, J. L. (2015). Percepción de la población costera de Jalisco, México, sobre el cambio climático. Memorias, 13(23), 81-91. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/ me.v13i23.1151 Resumen Introducción: como consecuencia de la política de desarrollo en los Planes Estatales (Municipales) de Acción ante Cambio Climático en México, es obligatorio el estudio de impactos de cambio climático, así como la percepción de la población cobra vital importancia con el fin de elaborar estrategias de mitigación y adaptación. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio es determinar la percepción de la población en los municipios costeros de Jalisco ante esta problemática ambiental. Metodología: esta se basa en el análisis subjetivo e individual de la percepción sobre el cambio climático, desde la aplicación de encuestas a los habitantes de la región de estudio. Resultados: la mayoría de los encuestados percibe un aumento en la temperatura y conoce el término "cambio climático". Sin embargo, pocos consideran que sus efectos afectarán su vida cotidiana. Este hecho puede dificultar las acciones locales y regionales para la adaptación y mitigación del cambio climático. Conclusiones: solo la participación de tres niveles unidos (gobierno federal, gobierno estatal y sociedad) permitirá un exitoso cumplimiento de estas acciones. Finalmente, la población costera de tipo rural reconoce más el término de "cambio climático" y lo asocia con algún impacto en su comunidad, a diferencia de la urbana del municipio de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco.Palabras clave: adaptación, cambio climático, costas de Jalisco, deshielo, mitigación. Perception of the coastal town of Jalisco, Mexico on climate change Abstract Introduction: As a result of the development policy in State (Municipal) Action Plans for Climate Change in Mexico, it is mandatory to study the impacts of climate change, and the perception of the population is vital to develop mitigation and adaptation strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the perception of the population in coastal municipalities of the state of Jalisco concerning this environmental problem. Methodology: This is based on subjective and individual analysis of perception on climate change by surveying inhabitants of the studied region. Results: Most respondents perceive an increase in temperature and know the term climate change. Yet, few believe that its effects will impact their daily lives. This situation may hinder local and regional actions for adaptation and mitigation of climate change. Conclusions: Only the participation of three levels together (federal government, state government, and society) will allow successful completion of these actions. Finally, the coastal rural population do recognize the term climate change and associate it with some impacts on its community, unlike the urban population in the municipality of Puerto Vallarta, ...
Lake Chapala is a natural ecosystem of Mexico, declared Ramsar site, currently, is an area with importance in the agricultural sector, tourism, and important source of drinking water in the Metropolitan area of Guadalajara, considered as a thermo regulatory body. This study used tools such as Rhtest, as well as analyzing extreme climate indices using RClimdex. In addition, the relationship with the change in water surface of Lake Chapala was assessed through the NDWI index, using Landsat images, between 1985 and 2018. According to the obtained results, the signs of climatic variability are detected in the study region, which, directly affects the basin runoff and water levels in the lake, as well as, the factor of water overexploitation in the basin, so it is considered that the lake conditions mostly depend on the type of management that is given to the resource. Finally, the results will help the understanding of climate variability and its water resources influence of the Lerma Chapala basin, which will assist in future research.
The results of an environmental perception study about a contaminated watercourse in Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico are presented. Percept and opinions of residents were collected by direct interview from a random sample of 370 out of 8 900 dwellings and statistical reliability of 95%. Main results highlighted complains about sewage dumping and related displeasing odor (39.3%), as well as the presence of mosquitoes (17.6%) as disease vectors. At most impacted sites (P3, P4, P6, P8) common reported signs and symptoms were irritation to organs of the respiratory system and headache. Thus, finding a very significant association (chi-square test, P<0.0000) among prevailing environmental conditions and reported symptoms at 95% confidence interval. Finally, 90% of interviewee qualified the channel´s environmental quality as very bad, since the benefits they can get from a natural stream like landscape beauty, microclimate regulator or water supply, are limited by the unhealthy state of water.
In recent decades, great attempts have been made to create high-quality climatic data sets and spatial resolution on a continental and national scale, as well as the analysis of their variability and change in daily extremes. However, in Mexico there is still no high-resolution database at a national level that complies with quality control, including the review of homogeneity of long series. This paper shows the results of variability analysis and the detection of climate change signs in the state of Jalisco, performed in a high-resolution database developed for the maximum, minimum and average temperature according to the quality control procedures of climatic records. From these two sets, the spatial behavior of annual average temperature estimated for three climatic periods was analyzed. Among the results obtained with stations which have complied with quality control, the presence of annual average temperature increases at 0.31°C in 1971-2000, 0.61°C in 1981-2010 and a very intense increase, 0.81°C for the period 1991-2010. Likewise, it was observed that the Jalisco coasts show an increase of 0.2 to 0.4°C, while the continental region registers an increase up to 0.8°C.
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