Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to develop an inverse approach for 3D thermal sources determination. Design/methodology/approach -The developed approach is based on the Green's function for Poison's equation. Forward and inverse couple electromagnetic-thermal field problems are formulated. Finite elements models are built and applied. Thermal field data are acquired by thermo vision camera. The thermal field sources are determined inside of the investigated inaccessible volume object using modeled and measured data with the developed approach. Findings -The presented method and implemented examples demonstrate the possibilities of the developed approach for inverse source problem solution and determination of thermal field distributions of electrical devices. Originality/value -The proposed inverse method uses the Green's function for Poison's equation for solution of thermal field problem taking into account the couple electromagnetic-thermal problems. Proposed inverse method is very fast, accurate and can be used in many practical activities for electrical current determination and visualization in inaccessible regions only by measured external thermal field. Thermal field data needed for the method are easily acquired by thermo vision camera.

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Lithium-based batteries operation is related to some safety risks of dangerous flaming, integrity destruction, or even explosion. Gas leakage is an early and reliable indicator for such irreversible malfunctioning of electrical accumulators. Often, accurate gas emission source location sensing is difficult especially in heavy operational conditions, related to temperature changes, vibrations, movements, accelerations, etc. In this paper we propose a gas detection system, with catalytic type sensor array, and a numerical reconstruction method for precise gas emission source location inside the battery pack. The detection system employs a distributed array of CO sensors. Proposed sensor array configurations significantly reduce the number of sensing nodes inside the battery pack and fewer sensors than the protected battery elements are used. This way, data acquisition process by sensor nodes is also simplified. Several array configurations are considered according to their measurement efficiency and accuracy. Reconstruction algorithm is based on fast interpolation technique very suitable for real-time data processing. Estimation of reconstruction method accuracy is made by computational model of the gas diffusion inside the pack.

In this work a solenoid type of electromagnetic actuator with ferrofluid is considered. The finite element method is applied for electromagnetic field analysis and electromagnetic force calculations. The operational static characteristics are determined for actuator with ferrofluid and without ferrofluid in the working gap. Influences of the various design parameters as construction shape and dimensions, magnetic material and ferrofluid characteristics and etc. over the actuator characteristics are analysed. The deep analysis and results obtained could be used in design and optimization of electromagnetic actuator.

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