Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves, flowers and fruit of healthy apple trees (Malus domestica , Borkh.) growing in southern Brazilian orchards under three different cultivation systems (conventional, integrated and organic), during two vegetative cycles. The greatest total number of endophytic isolates was obtained from the orchards under organic cultivation when compared to integrated and conventional cultivation systems. Filamentous fungi from the genera Colletotrichum , Xylaria and Botryosphaeria were the most frequent ones and the most representative yeast genera were Sporobolomyces , Rhodotorula , Debaryomyces and Cryptococcus . It is suggested that some isolates may be used as indicators of the different management systems.

RESUMO:Uma das alternativas para reduzir o uso de agrotóxicos pode ser a utilização de óleos essenciais para o controle de doenças e pragas que afetam a produção agrícola. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito fungicida dos óleos essenciais de Schinus molle L. e Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, espécies nativas amplamente distribuídas na região. Os óleos foram extraídos por hidrodestilação e analisados por cromatografia gasosa. Os fungos fitopatógenos Alternaria spp., Botrytis spp., Colletotrichum spp. e Fusarium spp., foram isolados a partir de gérberas e rosas com sintomas de doença e os ensaios de atividade antifúngica foram realizados através da técnica de difusão em disco e os dados analisados pelo teste de Tukey e Duncan a 5%. Em geral o óleo essencial de S. molle foi efetivo para os quatro fungos testados, nas quatro diluições utilizadas e para todos os tempos avaliados e o óleo essencial de S. terebinthifolius apresenta efeito fungicida mais pronunciado contra Botrytis spp., a partir de testes in vitro.Unitermos: óleos essenciais, Schinus molle., Schinus terebinthifolius, efeito fungicida, α-pineno, sabineno.ABSTRACT: "Antifungal effect of Schinus molle L., Anacardiaceae, and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae, essential oils of Rio Grande do Sul". One of the alternatives to reduce the use of pesticides may be the use of essential oils to control diseases and pests that affect agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fungicide effect of essential oils of Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, native species widely distributed in the region. The oils were extracted by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography. The phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria spp., Botrytis spp., Colletotrichum spp. and Fusarium spp., were isolated from "gerberas" and roses with symptoms of disease and antifungal activity of the tests were carried out by the technique of spreading disk. The data was analyzed by Tukey and Duncan tests to 5%. In general, the essential oil of S. molle was effective for the four fungi tested, for the four dilutions used and for all the times evaluated. The essential oil of S. terebinthifolius presents more pronounced fungicide effect against Botrytis spp., from in vitro tests.

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In the search of alternative methods for disease control in plants, the essential oil and vegetal extracts of Salvia officinalis appear as an option. In this study, it was evaluated in vitro and in vivo the effect of the essential oil and plant extracts (hydroethanol, ethanol and infusion) of Salvia officinalis with potential antifungal activity against the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. The essential oil was tested in the concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%, and the extracts in the concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. In the in vitro tests, the essential oil inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen starting from the concentration of 0.15%. In vivo tests were performed in the concentration of 0.20%. The same did not occur with any of the extracts tested, having no inhibition of fungal growth. These results indicate the potential of salvia oil for the control of sclerotinia rot in lettuce.Key words: Alternative control of disease; esclerotinia rot; antifungal effect. Utilização de óleo essencial e extratos vegetais de