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The aim of this study was to examine the comparative hypocholesterolemic effect of soybean 7S fraction in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Soybean 7S globulin (b-conglycinin) was administered orally once a day to rats, and the effects were measured after 28 days. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: standard diet (STD) (casein alone), hypercholesterolemic (HC) diet (STD plus 1 g=100 g cholesterol and 0.5 g=100 g cholic acid), HCþ7S 1 diet (HC diet plus 200 mg of 7S=kg of body weight=day), and HCþ7S 2 diet (HC diet plus 300 mg of 7S=kg of body weight=day). Food intake, weight gain, animals' growth, and feeding efficiency ratio were similar among the STD and three HC groups, indicating that these parameters were not affected by treatments. Animals that had received different doses of soybean 7S globulin had lower total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)=high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio in serum and lower levels of hepatic TC and TG than those fed only the HC diet. The atherogenic indexes of HCþ7S 1 and HCþ7S 2 groups were 40% and 55% lower than that of the HC group, respectively. The results showed that the oral daily administration of bconglycinin in the diet to HC rats, at between 1.85% and 2.75% of total ingested protein, promotes the reduction of TC, LDLcholesterol, and TG and an increase in HDL-cholesterol in the plasma, besides a small but significant reduction in cholesterol and TG levels in the liver of the animals as well as a reduced atherogenic index.

A B S T R A C TPolyphenoloxidase (PPO, EC I .14.18.1)

The role of seed proteins, especially soyabean 7S globulins, in controlling dyslipidaemia is widely acknowledged. Amino acid sequence homology among the proteins of this family could reflect similar biological functions in other species. The aim of the present study was to unveil a hypolipidaemic effect of the 7S globulins from cowpeas (7S-C) and adzuki beans (7S-A), administered orally to rats fed a hypercholesterolaemic (HC; high cholesterol and TAG) diet for 28 d. A total of forty-five rats were divided into five groups (nine rats per group): (1) standard (STD) diet; (2) HC diet; (3) HC diet + 7S-C (300 mg/kg per d); (4) HC diet + 7S-A (300 mg/kg per d); and (5) HC diet + simvastatin (SVT; 50 mg/kg per d), as a control. Significant decreases in food intake and final body weight of rats receiving HC + 7S-C and HC + 7S-A diets compared with groups fed the HC and STD diets were observed. Significant decreases in serum total and non-HDL-cholesterol of 7S-C, 7S-A and SVT groups were also observed. HDL-cholesterol levels increased in the 7S-C, 7S-A and SVT groups, while hepatic cholesterol and TAG concentrations were significantly lower than in the HC diet group for the 7S-C-supplemented group only. Faecal excretions of fat and cholesterol in HC diet groups were considerably higher in animals consuming the 7S globulins. The results show that cowpea and adzuki bean 7S globulins promote cholesterol-decreasing effects in hypercholesterolaemic rats even at low dosages, as already observed for other legume seed storage proteins of this family. This main effect is discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of action.

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Glycinin Fenofibrate Hypercholesterolemic diet Dyslipidemia Rats A B S T R A C TThe hypocholesterolemic effect of isolated soybean proteins and fenofibrate in rats was compared. Forty-five rats were divided into five groups: standard (STD; casein), high cholesterol (HC; STD plus 1% cholesterol/0.5% cholic acid), HC + b-conglycinin, HC + glycinin and HC + fenofibrate. The proteins and the drug were administered by gavage for 28 days. The proteins decreased total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerol (TG) in the plasma of the rats fed HC diet, to values very close to those fed on fenofibrate. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the plasma were increased by the b-conglycinin, glycinin and fenofibrate groups. The largest TC reduction in the liver was observed in the fenofibrate group; in contrast, the b-conglycinin and glycinin groups exhibited reduced the levels of hepatic TG and TC. Based on these data, it could be suggested that the oral daily administration of isolated soybean proteins, in the range of 2.75% of the protein ingested daily, can promote a reduction in TC and TG in the plasma of rats fed hypercholesterolemic diets.Crown

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease whose genesis may include metabolic dysregulation. Cancer stem cells are attractive targets for therapeutic interventions since their aberrant expansion may underlie tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence. To investigate the actions of metabolic regulators on cancer stem cell-like cells (CSC) in CRC, we determined the effects of soybeanderived bioactive molecules and the anti-diabetes drug metformin (MET), alone and together, on the growth, survival, and frequency of CSC in human HCT116 cells. Effects of MET (60 lM) and soybean components genistein (Gen, 2 lM), lunasin (Lun, 2 lM), b-conglycinin (bcon, 3 lM), and glycinin (Gly, 3 lM) on HCT116 cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mRNA/protein expression and on the frequency of the CSC CD133 ? CD44 ? subpopulation by colonosphere assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting/flow cytometry were evaluated. MET, Gen, and Lun, individually and together, inhibited HCT116 viability and colonosphere formation and, conversely, enhanced HCT116 apoptosis. Reductions in frequency of the CSC CD133 ? CD44 ? subpopulation with MET, Gen, and Lun were found to be associated with increased PTEN and reduced FASN expression. In cells under a hyperinsulinemic state mimicking metabolic dysregulation and without and with added PTEN-specific inhibitor SF1670, colonosphere formation and frequency of the CD133 ? CD44 ? subpopulation were decreased by MET, Lun and Gen, alone and when combined. Moreover, MET ? Lun ? Gen co-treatment increased the pro-apoptotic and CD133 ?-CD44 ? -inhibitory efficacy of 5-fluorouracil under hyperinsulinemic conditions. Results identify molecular networks shared by MET and bioavailable soy food components, which potentially may be harnessed to increase drug efficacy in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with CRC.