On the basis of Martin Buber’s philosophy, the article analyses the links between the dialogue and human existence. In the beginning of the first part, the definition of Buberian dialogue is analysed from the perspective of relation. This perspective shows that primary relations may be of twofold character because there is a constant fight between the two I and It. This shows that human existence is not static and undergoes a gradual development. It is also under constant evolvement and faces a choice. Consumer society and mass media are said to contribute to gradual establishment of the relation I–It, which results in a loss of direct interpersonal communication. In the second part of the article on the basis of the opposition between the dialogue and monologue, different ways of human existence are discussed. The opinion that a dialogic relation is a means for an individual to ascend from the inauthentic to authentic dimension of existence is substantiated. Thus, approaching a dialogue from the perspective of Buber’s dialogic communication, it does not have a well-defined structure or any universal models. It is the experience lived through in an intuitive and unique way. In this respect, the dialogue remains the goal and mystery of person’s existential life.
SUMMARYThe article analizes the insights of the famous German philosopher. Osvald Spengler, on the evolution of civilization and the causes of cultural crisis. In the first part and on the basis of a disjunction between culture and civilization, the article demonstrates that in Spengler's cultural studies, the culture presents vital trends of the evoliution of a society: development, freedom of the personality, the period of a creative improvement and prosperity; civilization as the last phase of culture marks the death and stagnation time, and at the same time expresses a cultural crisis as a recession of the authentic creation, finally determinining the end of culture. The second part focuses on the relationships between cities and villages; the analysis highlights the opposition between civilization and cultural development. The study examines Spengler's position on the causes of culture crisis. It shows that in a rural environment the vital cultural spirit of individuality, intuition, naturality, freedom, tradition, values and religiosity is flourishing. City, megapolis, which is a product of civilization, conversely consolidates the urban environment. That environment determines the mass cultural spread, the devaluation of traditional values, consumerism, pragmatism, the fashion cult and the sketchy standards of beauty. Here destructively runs the cultural evolution. Cultural evolution destroys authentic creativity and cultural values. SANTRAUKAStraipsnyje analizuojamos garsaus vokiečių mąstytojo, gyvenimo filosofijos tradicijų tęsėjo Osvaldo Spenglerio įžvalgos apie civilizacijos raidos dėsningumus ir kultūros krizės gelmines priežastis. Pirmoje dalyje, remiantis kultūros ir civilizacijos disjunkcija, parodoma, kad Spenglerio koncepcijoje, plėtojant vokiečių kultūros filosofijos tradicijas, kultūra išreiškia gyvybingas visuomenės raidos tendencijas -tobulėjimą, asmens laisvę, kūrybinio augimo ir klestėjimo laikotarpį; civilizacija, kaip paskutinioji jos fazė, žymi mirties ir stagnacijos laiką, o kartu išreiškia kultūros krizę kaip autentiškos kūrybos nuosmukį, galiausiai nulemdama kultūros pabaigą.
The article attempts to reveal the correlation of values, attitudes and their place in the system of individual ant societal value development with maturity, culture, ideology and social domain (especially education) change areas and tendencies of the society which the person belongs to. The main thesis of the article – changing of values and their place in the conglomeration of societal values – presupposed the changing of educational domain and its tendencies, one of which is inclusive education. The minor thesis follows from the major one – persons, affected by disability (children, teenagers and youth), and their relatives still face difficulties in pursuing education: equal opportunities and dignity as values in individual cases are still to be achieved. After analysing the aspects of changes in special education, it becomes clear that the legal basis for regulation, established in the country, only in theory warrants equal opportunities for everyone pursuing education. Data from long-term studies show that disabled people often encounter difficulties in educational reality. Values, interpreted from the perspective of Kant’s deontological ethics and categorical imperative and declared in normative documents regulating the educational system, in reality have not reach the rank of basic values: in the process of education disabled people are nevertheless occasionally ignored and discriminated.
The article analyzes from different aspects the conception of existential communication and its significance from the perspective of Karl Jaspers's existential philosophy. An attempt is made to prove that the need for existential communication is primordial and naturally linked with human existence. On this basis, the definition of existential communication as life communication, is formed and analyzed. Ties between existential communication and existential truth are singled out 3 .Introduction. At first glance, communication seems an obvious and natural phenomenon. However, the analysis and definition of the conception of communication is not an easy task. The notion of communication is very broad and manifold, its scientific investigations are always expanding, there is a rapid increase in scientific resources which distinguish between and discuss different kinds of communication: interpersonal communication, group communication, mass communication, inter-cultural communication, international communication, and many others.The phenomenon of communication is also examined in the works of many philosophers. Such prominent existentialists as Karl Jaspers, Martin Buber, Martin Heidegger and others are associated with the theory of existential communication. "Here communication is considered in the 'pre-scientific' level as a feature of human existence" [1. P 12]. According to the existentialists, existential communication, which is based on a direct dialogue, is one fundamental condition of human life. Therefore, its understanding and investigations provide a new insight into human communication and its very essence as well as points the right way to an authentic relationship between people.Therefore, this article attempts to reveal the mystery of existential communication from the perspective of Jaspers's existential philosophy. One can argue that Jaspers was one of those thinkers whose main concern in his philosophy was existential communication. He sought to thoroughly reveal communication and its 1 Имена авторов (рус.): Вайда Асакавичюте, Витис Валатка. 2 Название статьи (рус.): Экзистенциальное общение как основа подлинного человеческого существования в философии Карла Ясперса.3 Аннотация (рус.): в статье в различных аспектах анализируется понятие экзистенциальной коммуникации и ее значение с точки зрения экзистенциальной философии Карла Ясперса. Утверждается, что необходимость экзистенциального общения изначально и непосредственно связанна с человеческим бытием. На основании этого положения в статье анализируется определение экзистенциальной коммуникации как коммуникации жизни, а также выявляются связи между экзистенциальной коммуникацией и экзистенциальной истиной.4 Ключевые слова (рус.): Ясперс, cуществование, экзистенциальная коммуникация, жизнь, трансценденция. one's own life" [23. Vol. 1. P. 5]. This shows that this communication is revealed only by the subjective human experience; therefore, it cannot be strictly defined and interpreted. It is also regarded as communication of the highest level, authent...
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