Ordinary concrete is widely used in construction engineering due to its high compressive strength, low cost and abundance in raw material. However, the main problem of plain concrete is weak in resistance to tensile loads; constituting a major restriction to its usage. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) tend to be most aspirational Nano material having favorable mechanical properties and developed aspect ratio, for reinforcing cementitious elements which are weak in tension. Nevertheless, CNTs may agglomerate within the cement matrix due to high Van der waals forces, resulting in low enhancement or even deterioration of concrete. Therefore, the objective of this literature survey is to summarize the past experimental data on the properties of concrete with carbon nanotubes. The prime objective is to identify the optimum content of CNT in concrete for improving the Compressive and Flexural strength of concrete. The Optimum Content of CNT in the concrete is the most important parameter that highly influences its mechanical properties, workability, durability and various other properties.
In order to get exact shape and size of components in sheet metal manufacturing, springback effect plays a pivotal role. Prediction of springback angle helps in determining the amount of over-bend (i.e. springback compensation) required so that exact V bend angle can be obtained in the component. In this study an attempt has been done to analyze the springback effect for simple V-bending operation performed on CRDQ (Cold Rolled Draw Quality) with thickness of sheet varying from 2.0 to 4.0 mm. In this work Hyperform software is used for simulating the springback effect in V bending operation. The main objective is to get the variation of amount of springback for different thickness of sheets keeping bending angle (60 0) and punch radius (2mm) constant. The results showed that the value of springback decreases with the increase in sheet thickness (from 2 mm) up till 3.3 mm. Further increase in sheet thickness, from 3.3 mm to 4.0 mm, increases the amount of springback for V-bending of CRDQ sheet. Thus, it is concluded that optimum sheet thickness to encounter minimum springback for CRDQ sheet is 3.3 mm.
The minimum quantity lubrication is an interesting possibility for an economical and environmentally compatible production, which unifies the functionality of coolants and lubricants with mightily less consumption of lubricants. In this experiment, minimum quantity lubrication setup on turning machine was design and developed for comparison between dry and wet conditions and their effects are considered under different parameters. This setup uses mist/flood formation of lubricants with the help of minimum quantity lubrication. This strategy is used to improve machining of the product surface quality during turning operation. The surface roughness value has been taken as an output response; the surface roughness value of the machined part was evaluated using Talysurf surface roughness tester. The design of experiment was enacted on Taguchi’s orthogonal array L9 to optimize the selected process parameters during turning of EN-24 under different conditions. The Grey relational method was also applied for optimizing purposes. The optimum conditions include a cut 0.6 mm deep, a nose radius of 0.8mm and a cutting speed of 575 rpm and the depth of cut was found out to be most dominant parameter. MQL shows better results in terms of surface roughness as compared to dry and wet conditions.
Giving it a shape and making it a useful component defines the process of forming. Years of research have given new methods to this process. In various industries like automobile and aeronautics, the goal is to achieve complicated shapes with properties like high energy absorption, high rigidity at a lower cost. These aspects can be achieved by Advance Forming Methods (AFM), major work is being done on the hydroforming process as this process provide shapes that otherwise require a greater number of processes. The idea of flexible forming is something where the efforts are reduced along with a number of trials by introducing rubber pads into the sheet metal forming process and the complexity of tool design automatically reduces. Other than these processes, the process of rapid prototyping which is incorporated in the laser forming process is being used in the fabrication of metallic components. The areas of work which is being done are to reduce the number of failures by optimizing the process parameters to achieve better results at a low cost
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