Introduction: Neonatal thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count <150×10^9/L regardless of gestational-age. It results from hypo-proliferation in marrow or peripheral destruction of platelets. Platelet count can be rapidly measured using automated hematology analyzers, but peripheral smear remains best method. The causes of neonatal thrombocytopenia are defined by time of presentation into foetal (mainly TORCH infections), early (< 3 days), and late. The present study highlights pattern and severity of neonatal thrombocytopenia in study hospital, adding importance of platelet indices and optical technology. Aim: To study patterns and severity of neonatal thrombocytopenia, platelet indices and to measure accuracy of platelet count by optical technology methods against peripheral smear. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study done for a period of 8 months from December 2018 to July 2019, at ASRAM medical college, Eluru. During this period blood samples of 113 critical cases of newborns, admitted with thrombocytopenia, were collected in Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) vials. The platelet count was analyzed by two automated analyzers, Sysmex XN1000 and Horiba ABX Pentra XL 80. The Leishman-stained films were examined under a light microscope. ANOVA test was used to find mean difference between platelet counts, sensitivity, and specificity, and accuracy was calculated by MEDCALC CALCULATOR. Results: Out of total of 113 critical cases of new-borns admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at institute, 85 presented with thrombocytopenia. The variation of platelet indices was noted in 40 cases, blood cultures were collected in 77 cases. Thrombocytopenia showing platelet count less than 20,000/ mm3 is considered very severe, with 30.5% (26 cases) of total number. Elevated platelet indices were noted at 47.5%. The common clinical diagnosis was neonatal sepsis (42.3%), followed by neonatal jaundice (18.8%). The light scatterer principle of platelet evaluation proved to have better accuracy than electrical impedance, in comparison to peripheral smear findings. Conclusion: The study concludes that neonatal septicemia is major cause of neonatal thrombocytopenia as proved by correlating platelet count with platelet indices. And also, usage of automated hemogram reports with platelet indices, is a source of information to suspect etiology of thrombocytopenia thereby preventing adverse outcomes. The principle of Optical Light scatterer technique in an automated analyzer gives better results than the electrical impedance technique for detecting platelet count value, though peripheral smear examination is mandatory for confirmation.
Introduction: Prostatic adenocarcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer related death in men in the western world and its incidence is increasing in Asian countries. Hence, it is of diagnostic challenge for pathologists to report in tissue biopsies especially in small focus of suspicious glands in radical prostatectomies and needle biopsies. Aim: To evaluate the role of Alpha-Methyl Acyl CoA Racemase (AMACR) immunohistochemical marker in diagnosing prostatic adenocarcinomas and in benign conditions of prostate. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 26 cases of prostatic adenocarcinomas, two cases of High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias (HGPIN), 139 cases of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and two cases of atypical adenomatous diagnosed on routine Haemotoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained sections during a period of four years from January 2016 to December 2019 at ASRAM Medical College, Eluru. Immunohistochemistry with AMACR marker was done in all cases. Membranous staining pattern was accepted for prostatic adenocarcinomas. Semiquantitative scoring method was employed and tissue sections were examined at high power magnification (X400) by Olympus light microscope to evaluate AMACR expression. Results: Out of the 26 cases of prostatic adenocarcinomas in the study, majority were Grade group IV according to Gleason scoring system. Majority of the prostatic carcinomas showed strong and diffuse AMACR positivity. All BPH and Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia (AAH) were negative to AMACR immunohistochemical marker. Conclusion: The AMACR was found to be important diagnostic immune marker in prostatic adenocarcinomas especially in problematic situations where quantity and quality of tissue is limited.
Introduction: Hyperpigmentation is one of the most common reaction to inflammatory, benign and malignant lesions of the skin. These disorders comprise heterogeneous group of diseases of epidermal and dermal hyperpigmentation divided into various types according to etiology and pathology. Correct diagnosis of these hyperpigmented lesions is linked to histopathologic examination of skin biopsies with clinical correlation. Aim: To study the spectrum of hyperpigmented skin lesions with reference to age and sex distribution. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Department of Pathology, at Alluri Sitaramaraju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India, which included 80 patients who were clinically diagnosed with hyperpigmented skin lesions in all age groups from July 2014 to August 2016. Frequency and percentage statistics was used to present the results. Results: Out of 80 cases, 34 cases of inflammatory lesions, 23 cases of benign lesions and 23 cases of malignant lesions were reported. Among the post inflammatory lesions the majority were classical Lichen planus. Conclusion: Most common lesion was lichen planus and its variants with highest incidence in females and age group greater than 60 years. Histopathological diagnosis with clinical correlation aids in effective management of the patients.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.