Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with bone and mineral metabolism disorders. Objectives: This study investigated the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism biochemical markers in patients with CKD at the hemodialysis treatment among Iranian adults as well as the relationship between possible risk factors or biochemical markers with BMD. Patients and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 77 patients with CKD stage 5D at the hemodialysis treatment were selected from September 2016 to February 2016. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the anteroposterior lumbar spine (LS) (L1-L4) and left proximal femur. Biochemical markers including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), serum specific alkaline phosphatase (serum AP) and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25hD) were used for the prediction of BMD loss. Results: Two (2.6%) patients had normal levels of 25hD (mean levels 17.67 ± 11.66 µg/L). We found a reduction of BMD in comparison with age-and gender-matched normal population values at the femoral neck (FN) (T-score = -1.92 ± 1.29), at the total hip (TH) (T-score = -1.79 ± 1.25) and at the LS (T-score = -1.55 ± 1.84). The prevalence of T-scores ≤-2.5 SD was 28.6%, 35.1% and 13.0% according to the LS, FN and three bone sites T scores respectively. BMD negatively correlated with age at the proximal femur, with serum AP at the LS and with age of menopause at the FN. Conclusions:Patients with CKD at the hemodialysis treatment had a high prevalence of osteoporosis in the general population. BMD at the all bone sites was below the expected average for gender and age. Keywords: Bone mineral density, Chronic kidney disease, Hemodialysis, Biochemical markers, Osteoporosis Please cite this paper as: Tamadon MR, Moghimi J, Semnani V. Metabolic bone disease in end-stage renal disease patients under regular hemodialysis. J Parathyr Dis. 2018;6(2):50-56.
Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the result of the destruction of Dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of natural antioxidants such as caffeic acid phenethyl ester for the maintenance of these neurons. Methods: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is one of the main ingredients of Propolis. Intranasal administration of (1-methyl-4-phenyl-2;3;4;6-tetrahydropyridine) MPTP was used to generate PD model in rats. 2× 106 bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were injected from tail vein. Behavioral test, Immunohistochemistry, DiI, cresyl fast violet, TUNEL staining were evaluated, 2 weeks after treatment. Results: DiI staining method revealed in all treatment groups using stem cells, the cells migrated to the substantia nigra pars compacta after injection. Treatment with CAPE significantly protects dopaminergic neurons from MPTP. The highest number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH (positive neurons was seen in group Pre CAPE+PD+Stem cell. The number of TH+ cells in all groups that received CAPE was significant in compared to groups that received the stem cells only (P <0.001). Intranasal administration of MPTP significantly increase the number of apoptotic cells. The lowest number of apoptotic cells was in group Pre CAPE+PD+ Stem cell. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of CAPE and stem cells in Parkinson's rats caused a significant reduction in the apoptotic cells.
Background: Regular maternal exercise in pregnancy enhances the physiological, metabolic, and psychological health of mother and fetus. Objective: To determine the effect of maternal aerobic running during mid or late gestation on plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone and the histological alterations in the ovary of neonatal rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one female Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental groups to exercises during the 2nd or 3rd wk of pregnancy (n = 14) and a control group (n = 7). After birth, the neonate’s blood was obtained and the estrogen and progesterone levels were evaluated. The ovaries were then removed and used for histological investigations and apoptic assessment. Results: Higher concentrations of estrogen and progesterone were found in the neonates of the experimental groups (p = 0.001) compared to the control group. The experimental groups had a large ovarian diameter (2nd wk: p = 0.044; 3rd wk: p = 0.005) and angiogenesis (2nd wk: p = 0.003; 3rd wk: p = 0.001). In addition, significant enhancements were seen in the the experimental groups in terms of the number (2nd wk: p = 0.017; p = 0.035) and diameter (2nd wk: p = 0.046; 3rd wk: p = 0.004) of primordial follicles, as well as in the diameter of primary oocytes (2nd wk: p = 0.073; 3rd wk: p = 0.019) compared to the control group. Moreover, rats that exercised had a lower number of apoptotic primordial follicles than the control group (2nd wk: p = 0.001; 3rd wk: p = 0.001). Conclusion: It was shown that maternal aerobic running can lead to increased plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone, also improved histological characteristics of the ovary in neonatal rats. Key words: Apoptosis, Exercise, Neonatal, Oogenesis, Ovary, Rat.
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