Some of the medicinal plants valued in Ayurvedic Rasayana for their therapeutic potential have been scientifically investigated with promising results. A number of plant-based principles have been isolated with potential immunomodulatory activity that can explain and justify their use in traditional medicine in the past and can form the basis for further research in the future as well. The aim of this review is to highlight results of research done on immunomodulators of plant origin. The selection of papers was made using the most relevant databases for the biomedical sciences on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. Many plants and some phytoconstituents responsible for immunomodulation have been explained. The review also discusses biological screening methods for various plant drugs that focus on revealing the mechanism involved in immunomodulation. This work shall hopefully encourage researchers to undertake further work on medicinal plants with potential immunomodulatory activity.
Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.
17The U.S. Department of Energy Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase) is an open-source 18 software and data platform designed to meet the grand challenge of systems biology-19 predicting and designing biological function from the biomolecular (small scale) to the ecological 20 (large scale). KBase is available for anyone to use, and enables researchers to collaboratively 21 generate, test, compare, and share hypotheses about biological functions; perform large-scale 22 analyses on scalable computing infrastructure; and combine experimental evidence and 23conclusions that lead to accurate models of plant and microbial physiology and community 24 dynamics. The KBase platform has (1) extensible analytical capabilities that currently include 25 genome assembly, annotation, ontology assignment, comparative genomics, transcriptomics, 26 and metabolic modeling; (2) a web-browser-based user interface that supports building, sharing, 27and publishing reproducible and well-annotated analyses with integrated data; (3) access to 28 extensive computational resources; and (4) a software development kit allowing the community 29to add functionality to the system. 30
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