Summary Transmitochondrial cybrids and multiple OMICs approaches were used to understand mitochondrial reprogramming and mitochondria-regulated cancer pathways in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Analysis of cybrids and established breast cancer (BC) cell lines showed that metastatic TNBC maintains high levels of ATP through fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and activates Src oncoprotein through autophosphorylation at Y419. Manipulation of FAO including the knocking down of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) and 2 (CPT2), the rate-limiting proteins of FAO, and analysis of patient-derived xenograft models, confirmed the role of mitochondrial FAO in Src activation and metastasis. Analysis of TCGA and other independent BC clinical data further reaffirmed the role of mitochondrial FAO and CPT genes in Src regulation and their significance in BC metastasis.

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Palladium-modified activated carbon fibers (Pd-ACF) are being evaluated for adsorptive hydrogen storage at near-ambient conditions because of their enhanced hydrogen uptake in comparison to Pd-free ACF. The net uptake enhancement (at room temperature and 2 MPa) is in excess of the amount corresponding to formation of β-Pd hydride and is usually attributed to hydrogen spillover. In this paper, inelastic neutron scattering was used to investigate the state of hydrogen in Pd-containing activated carbon fibers loaded at 77 K with 2.5 wt % H2. It was found that new C−H bonds were formed, at the expense of physisorbed H2, during prolonged in situ exposure to 1.6 MPa hydrogen at 20 °C. This finding is a postfactum proof of the atomic nature of H species formed in presence of a Pd catalyst and of their subsequent spillover and binding to the carbon support. Chemisorption of hydrogen may explain the reduction in hydrogen uptake from first to second adsorption cycle.

The prevailing paradigm is that cardiac ANG II is synthesized in the extracellular space from components of the circulating and/or local renin-angiotensin system. The recent discovery of intracrine effects of ANG II led us to determine whether ANG II is synthesized intracellularly in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM). NRVM, incubated in serum-free medium, were exposed to isoproterenol or high glucose in the absence or presence of candesartan, which was used to prevent angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) receptor-mediated internalization of ANG II. ANG II was measured in cell lysates and the culture medium, which represented intra- and extracellularly synthesized ANG II, respectively. Isoproterenol increased ANG II concentration in cell lysates and medium of NRVM in the absence or presence of candesartan. High glucose markedly increased ANG II synthesis only in cell lysates in the absence and presence of candesartan. Western analysis showed increased intracellular levels of angiotensinogen, renin, and chymase in high-glucose-exposed cells. Confocal immunofluorocytometry confirmed the presence of ANG II in the cytoplasm and nucleus of high-glucose-exposed NRVM and along the actin filaments in isoproterenol-exposed cells. ANG II synthesis was dependent on renin and chymase in high-glucose-exposed cells and on renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme in isoproterenol-exposed cells. In summary, the site of ANG II synthesis, intracellular localization, and the synthetic pathway in NRVM are stimulus dependent. Significantly, NRVM synthesized and retained ANG II intracellularly, which redistributed to the nucleus under high-glucose conditions, suggesting a role for an intracrine mechanism in diabetic conditions.